Chapter 11 Homework: Cardiovascular System

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced.

Anemia.

________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells result from the divisions of cells called

Hemocytoblasts.

The function of hemoglobin is to.....

bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Which of the following begins with the activation of plasminogen?

fibrinolysis

When foreign cells invade the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of

lymphocytes.

The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are

monocytes.

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase. The correct sequence of these steps is......

3, 5, 1, 4, 2.

The average life span of a red blood cell is about

4 months = 120 days.

What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis?

A reduction in blood loss.

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means

Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

________ is the characteristic of WBCs that allow them to enter surrounding tissue by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells in the capillary wall.

Diapedesis.

________ directly stimulates red blood cell production.

EPO.

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?

Factor X.

As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?

Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen.

Without mitochondria, RBCs are relatively inefficient in terms of energy production. However, there is an advantage to RBC function. What is this advantage?

It ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues.

Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins?

Liver.

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the

Red bone marrow.

The term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together.

Whole blood.

Platelets

are a major component of the vascular clotting system.

Agglutinins

are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type.

Which cell population of WBCs migrate to sites of injury and cross the capillary wall to accumulate within damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids?

basophils.

A drifting blood clot, air bubble, or fat globule is called

embolus.

Formation of red blood cells is called

erythropoiesis.

The primary function of white blood cells is to

help defend the body against pathogens.

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called

hematocrit.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation?

myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC.

The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the

neutrophil.

Pus associated with infected wounds contains which type of white blood cell?

neutrophils.

During fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?

plasmin.

As repairs proceed, a blood clot gradually dissolves in a process that begins with the activation of

plasminogen.

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

Which disease is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells?

sickle cell anemia.

The common pathway of coagulation ends with

the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process.

vitamin k.