chapter 11: Human Body Systems
essential nutrients are those nutrients that the ___
body cannot make for itself
the ___ nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, whereas the ___ nervous system is composed of the nerves carry information into and out of the spinal cord and brain
central; peripheral
which of the following lists correctly identify some of the external defenses that your body uses to prevent infection?
cilia, mucous membranes, and stomach acid
the alimentary canal is part of the ___system
digestive
the ___ trimester is the most sensitive time in fetal development, because this is when most organs are formed.
first
what type of joint permits movement in a single plane?
hinge
the ability of animals to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite the changes in the external environment is known as ___
homeostasis
the ___ is the organ system primarily responsible for protecting your body from infectious diseases
immune system
where are photoreceptor cells found in the eye?
in the retina
when air pressure in the lungs is less than the air pressure in the atmosphere, ___ occurs
inhalation
___ are a type of fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together at joints.
ligaments
a diet that lacks sufficient calories or essential nutrients results in___
malnutrition
most homeostatic systems rely on ___ feedback
negative
the ___ are the functional units of the kidney that filter the blood and form the urine
nephrons
which body system is responsible for communication and coordination throughout your body?
nervous
your pancreas is an example of what level of the structural hierarchy of the organization of your body?
organ
blood contains water, cells, and other molecules. the liquid component of blood is called ___
plasma
the human cardiovascular system can be divided into two circuits: the __ circuit transports blood between the heart and lungs and the ___ circuit transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body
pulmonary; systemic
homeostasis is disrupted when an endocrine gland produces ___ hormone product
too much or too little
the ___ system provides osmoregulation in your body
urinary
a fertilized egg is called ___
a zygote
humans have ___ in which the cones are associated with the soft tissues and are found inside the body.
an endoskeleton
two hormones that counteract one another's actions in a feedback circuit are said to be ___ hormones
antagonistic
___ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
arteries
hormones can travel through the blood and not affect all tissues; only cells possessing ___ sites for that particular hormone are affected, and these cells are called ___ cells.
receptor; target