chapter 11: Human Body Systems

essential nutrients are those nutrients that the ___

body cannot make for itself

the ___ nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, whereas the ___ nervous system is composed of the nerves carry information into and out of the spinal cord and brain

central; peripheral

which of the following lists correctly identify some of the external defenses that your body uses to prevent infection?

cilia, mucous membranes, and stomach acid

the alimentary canal is part of the ___system

digestive

the ___ trimester is the most sensitive time in fetal development, because this is when most organs are formed.

first

what type of joint permits movement in a single plane?

hinge

the ability of animals to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite the changes in the external environment is known as ___

homeostasis

the ___ is the organ system primarily responsible for protecting your body from infectious diseases

immune system

where are photoreceptor cells found in the eye?

in the retina

when air pressure in the lungs is less than the air pressure in the atmosphere, ___ occurs

inhalation

___ are a type of fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together at joints.

ligaments

a diet that lacks sufficient calories or essential nutrients results in___

malnutrition

most homeostatic systems rely on ___ feedback

negative

the ___ are the functional units of the kidney that filter the blood and form the urine

nephrons

which body system is responsible for communication and coordination throughout your body?

nervous

your pancreas is an example of what level of the structural hierarchy of the organization of your body?

organ

blood contains water, cells, and other molecules. the liquid component of blood is called ___

plasma

the human cardiovascular system can be divided into two circuits: the __ circuit transports blood between the heart and lungs and the ___ circuit transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body

pulmonary; systemic

homeostasis is disrupted when an endocrine gland produces ___ hormone product

too much or too little

the ___ system provides osmoregulation in your body

urinary

a fertilized egg is called ___

a zygote

humans have ___ in which the cones are associated with the soft tissues and are found inside the body.

an endoskeleton

two hormones that counteract one another's actions in a feedback circuit are said to be ___ hormones

antagonistic

___ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

arteries

hormones can travel through the blood and not affect all tissues; only cells possessing ___ sites for that particular hormone are affected, and these cells are called ___ cells.

receptor; target