Chapter 11
Veins:
often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of:
4500 mL/minute
An increased firing of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased cardiac output.
FALSE
Cardiac muscle is enclosed by a double sac of serous membrane known as the peritoneum.
FALSE
Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume times the systolic blood pressure.
FALSE
Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction.
FALSE
During ventricular diastole, the bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed.
FALSE
Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.
FALSE
The chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles.
FALSE
The circle of Willis involves blood flow through the liver.
FALSE
The coronary sinus on the backside of the heart drains deoxygenated blood from the wall of the heart into the left atrium.
FALSE
The larger arteries contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
FALSE
The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.
FALSE
The portion of the aorta in the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the thoracic aorta.
FALSE
The semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.
FALSE
The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries drain blood from the intestines.
FALSE
Veins draining the head and arms empty into the inferior vena cava.
FALSE
The thick layer of the heart wall that contains contractile cardiac muscle tissue is the:
MYOCARDIUM
An increase in blood vessel diameter causes arterial blood pressure to decrease.
TRUE
Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.
TRUE
Cold temperatures have a vasoconstricting effect on blood vessels.
TRUE
Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.
TRUE
In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.
TRUE
Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output.
TRUE
Smooth muscle and elastic tissue in a blood vessel wall is found primarily in the tunica media.
TRUE
Systole means contraction of the ventricles.
TRUE
The common iliac vein drains blood into the inferior vena cava.
TRUE
The coronary sulcus is also known as the atrioventricular groove.
TRUE
The great saphenous vein, the longest vein in the body, drains deoxygenated blood from the dorsal venous arch in the foot which then empties into the femoral vein.
TRUE
The pacemaker of the heart under normal circumstances is called the sinoatrial (SA) node.
TRUE
The part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart that directly supplies the walls of the ventricles is the Purkinje fibers.
TRUE
The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
TRUE
The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.
TRUE
The tricuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart between the right atrium and right ventricle.
TRUE
The umbilical vein carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
TRUE
When precapillary sphincters are closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells.
TRUE
An increase in parasympathetic activity (primarily by the vagus nerves) causes:
a decrease in both heart rate and cardiac output
Which one of the following is caused by a decrease in venous return to the heart:
a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output
Generalized vasoconstriction occurs as a result of:
an increase in sympathetic nervous system firing
Which one of the following are direct branches of the left coronary artery:
anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm:
aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
In which one of the following blood vessels is blood pressure the highest:
arteries
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
Which one of the following are the main functions of renin and angiotensin II:
blood pressure fallsthis causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:
blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta:
both the right and left coronary arteries
The superior vena cava empties:
deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
The brachial vein:
drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
Which one of the following blood vessels in the fetus has the highest concentration of oxygen:
ductus venosus
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is:
epicardium
Which of the following reduces heart rate:
high blood pressure
Varicose veins are caused by:
incompetent venous valves
The right and left renal veins empty blood from the:
inferior vena cava
What structure divides the left from the right ventricle:
interventricular septum
Which of these arteries is NOT a branch of the abdominal aorta:
left common carotid artery
Blood travels to the stomach by way of the branch of the celiac trunk called the:
left gastric artery
When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:
left ventricle to the left atrium
The carotid artery is located in the:
neck
The umbilical vein carries:
oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called:
peripheral resistance
Which one of the following vessels receives blood during right ventricular systole:
pulmonary trunk
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood:
pulmonary vein
Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point:
renal artery
The sinoatrial node is located in the:
right atrium
Which area of the heart receives blood from the systemic veins:
right atrium
The tricuspid valve is located between the:
right atrium and right ventricle
Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch:
right common carotid artery
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart:
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:
stroke volume
A heart rate of over 100 beats per minute is called:
tachycardia
Which one of the following is true concerning the lub-dup sounds of the heart:
the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves
Which one of the following is the main function of renin and aldosterone:
they are produced whenever blood pressure falls and ultimately cause an increase in blood volume and blood pressure
The aortic semilunar valve is composed of:
three cusps and opens when the left ventricle contracts
Pulmonary veins:
transport oxygenated blood to the heart
The right AV valve is known as the:
tricuspid valve
Which one is the correct sequence going from the outermost to the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall:
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
The external iliac vein receives blood from all of the following EXCEPT:
vertebral vein
The mitral valve is normally closed:
when the ventricle is in systole