Chapter 11 management
Type of communication
1)Downward Communication 2)Upward Communication 3)Lateral Communication
Four major functions with a group
1)Motivation 2)emotional expression 3)social needs 4)information
Modes of communication
1)Oral 2)Written 3)Nonverbal
step in communication process
1)Sender 2)encoding 3)the message 4)the channel 5)decoding 6)the receiver 7)noise 8)feedback
Forms of communication
1)Verbal 2)non verbal 3)Visual
Informal communication
Grapevine: Although the rumors and gossip transmitted through the grapevine may be informal, it's still an important source of information.
inflows exceed individual's processing capacity
Information Overload
communication barriers that distort clarity
Noise
Receivers of communication process
Selective Perception : selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics
Absence of information
Silence
Regarding oral communication
The chief means of conveying messages is oral communication. Speeches, formal one-on-one and group discussions, and the informal rumor mill or grapevine are popular forms of oral communication. * The advantages of oral communication are speed and feedback *The major disadvantage of oral communication surfaces whenever a message has to pass through a number of people: the more people, the greater the potential distortion
written communication
Written communications include memos, letters, fax transmissions, e-mail, instant messaging, organizational periodicals, notices placed on bulletin boards (including electronic ones), and any other device that transmits via written words or symbols.
Formal information channels
are established by the organization and transmit messages related to the professional activities of members
Communication channels
face-to-face conversation scores highest in channel richness because it transmits the most information per communication episode—multiple information cues (words, postures, facial expressions, gestures, intonations), immediate feedback (both verbal and nonverbal), and the personal touch of being present. Impersonal written media such as formal reports and bulletins rate lowest in richness.
Automatic processing
influence on our choices as consumers. We often rely on automatic processing, a relatively superficial consideration of evidence and information making use of heuristics like those we discussed in Chapter 6 Automatic processing takes little time and low effort, so it makes sense to use it for processing persuasive messages related to topics you don't care much about. The disadvantage is that it lets us be easily fooled by a variety of tricks, like a cute jingle or glamorous photo.
Disadvantage of downward communication
one way nature
Filtering
the distortion or withholding of information to manage a person's reactions; determined by past experience, knowledge and perception of the speaker, emotional state, involvement with the topic, level of attention
To reduce the negativity of a c
writting communication