Chapter 11 management

Type of communication

1)Downward Communication 2)Upward Communication 3)Lateral Communication

Four major functions with a group

1)Motivation 2)emotional expression 3)social needs 4)information

Modes of communication

1)Oral 2)Written 3)Nonverbal

step in communication process

1)Sender 2)encoding 3)the message 4)the channel 5)decoding 6)the receiver 7)noise 8)feedback

Forms of communication

1)Verbal 2)non verbal 3)Visual

Informal communication

Grapevine: Although the rumors and gossip transmitted through the grapevine may be informal, it's still an important source of information.

inflows exceed individual's processing capacity

Information Overload

communication barriers that distort clarity

Noise

Receivers of communication process

Selective Perception : selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics

Absence of information

Silence

Regarding oral communication

The chief means of conveying messages is oral communication. Speeches, formal one-on-one and group discussions, and the informal rumor mill or grapevine are popular forms of oral communication. * The advantages of oral communication are speed and feedback *The major disadvantage of oral communication surfaces whenever a message has to pass through a number of people: the more people, the greater the potential distortion

written communication

Written communications include memos, letters, fax transmissions, e-mail, instant messaging, organizational periodicals, notices placed on bulletin boards (including electronic ones), and any other device that transmits via written words or symbols.

Formal information channels

are established by the organization and transmit messages related to the professional activities of members

Communication channels

face-to-face conversation scores highest in channel richness because it transmits the most information per communication episode—multiple information cues (words, postures, facial expressions, gestures, intonations), immediate feedback (both verbal and nonverbal), and the personal touch of being present. Impersonal written media such as formal reports and bulletins rate lowest in richness.

Automatic processing

influence on our choices as consumers. We often rely on automatic processing, a relatively superficial consideration of evidence and information making use of heuristics like those we discussed in Chapter 6 Automatic processing takes little time and low effort, so it makes sense to use it for processing persuasive messages related to topics you don't care much about. The disadvantage is that it lets us be easily fooled by a variety of tricks, like a cute jingle or glamorous photo.

Disadvantage of downward communication

one way nature

Filtering

the distortion or withholding of information to manage a person's reactions; determined by past experience, knowledge and perception of the speaker, emotional state, involvement with the topic, level of attention

To reduce the negativity of a c

writting communication