Chapter 11 MIS

About ________ percent of the United States GDP is produced by the knowledge and information sectors.

45

Technology that consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior is called

AI technology.

________ seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images.

AR

In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics.

CBR

Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession.

False

Case-based reasoning is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine.

False

Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery.

False

Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts.

False

Expertise is thought to be the collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to the solution of problems.

False

Fuzzy logic systems "learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes.

False

Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets.

False

Intelligent techniques include CAD and VRML.

False

Knowledge is universally applicable and easily moved.

False

Knowledge workers include all of a company's workers who are tasked with managing or creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers.

False

Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees.

False

Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in informal documents.

False

VRML requires the use of a powerful server as well as large amounts of bandwidth.

False

While systems such as KWS can manage semistructured and unstructured information, enterprise-wide content management systems are designed to manage a firm's structured information.

False

Which of the following statements about 3D printing is not true?

It is only usable to make prototypes.

Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm?

It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns.

Which of the following is not a typical component or capability of an enterprise content management system?

KWS

Specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called

KWS.

What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"?

Knowledge is hard to move.

Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter?

Knowledge is timeless.

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm?

Knowledge is unconditional.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management?

Knowledge is useful only when shared with others.

________ often are designed and optimized for the specific tasks to be performed.

Knowledge workstations

________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming.

Machine learning

Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms?

Neural networks are programmed to "learn."

________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their

Semi-structured

3-D printers can produce fully functioning components, such as working batteries and LEDs.

True

Both structured and unstructured documents can contain knowledge.

True

Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations.

True

Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization.

True

For a firm, organizational resources are needed to transform data into knowledge.

True

Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules.

True

Hybrid AI applications are being implemented in home appliances, such as washing machines.

True

Hardware and software that attempt to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain best describe

a neural network.

Backward chaining is

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.

Forward chaining is

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user.

An inference engine is

a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining.

A MOOC is

a type of online course.

Which type of intelligent agent models the behavior of consumers, stock markets, and more, by seeing them as autonomous agents that follow relatively simple rules for interaction?

agent-based modeling

The last step in the knowledge management value chain is

apply.

Investment workstations

are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations and manage the investment process.

Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique?

case-based reasoning

Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of

classification.

What is the first value-adding step in the knowledge business value chain?

data and information acquisition

Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery?

data mining

The flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system describes

data.

Genetic algorithms

develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation.

You are advising a multimedia company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs?

digital asset management system

Which of the following systems digitizes, indexes, and tags documents according to a coherent framework?

document management

Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems?

enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques

Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system?

expert system

You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is

fuzzy logic.

Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a "smart" oven that can perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is

fuzzy logic.

Systems that integrate different types of techniques, such as genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and expert systems, into a single application are called ________ systems.

hybrid AI

What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient methods for their trucks to deliver goods?

intelligent agents

Apple's Siri application is an example of

intelligent agents.

Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called

intelligent agents.

To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use

intelligent agents.

Fuzzy logic is a type of

intelligent technique.

Tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes a(n)

learning management system.

The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are referred to as

membership functions.

A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze.

neural network

Which of the following is not used to capture tacit knowledge?

neural network

Most knowledge workers require specialized knowledge work systems, but they also rely on

office systems.

The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of

organizational and management capital.

Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called

organizational learning.

Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of

practice.

Virtual reality systems

provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects.

CAD workstations

provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing.

Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge?

request for proposals

Expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes

tacit knowledge.

In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification.

tagged

A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed.

taxonomy

The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is referred to as

the knowledge base.

Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because

their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules.

Expert systems

work in very limited domains.