chapter 11 psychology
At about what age do girls first grow taller than boys?
11
Believed that the journey of life consists of eight stages
Erik Erikson
Psychologists who maintained that the journey of life consists of eight stages
Erik Erikson
True or False: [Secondary sex characteristics] include the ovaries and testes
False; primary sex characteristics
True or False: Examples of [primary sex characteristics] are facial hair in males and rounded hips and breasts in females
False; secondary sex characteristics
Concluded that teens move between categories of identity status
James Garcia
Psychologist who concluded that there are four categories of adolescent identity status
James Marcia
The most extreme examples of this behavior includes robbery, rape, and homicide, which are crimes regardless of the offender's age
Juvenile delinquency
Examples of these activities include truancy, drinking, smoking, and running away from home
Status offenses
Symptoms may include addiction, aggressive behavior, accidents, impaired judgement, physical symptoms of specific diseases caused by different drugs such as nicotine or alcohol
Substance abuse
True or False: Adolescence begins with the onset of [puberty] and ends when physical growth does
True
True or False: The [adolescent growth spurt] usually lasts two to three years
True
True or False: The [menarche] is a major life event for most girls
True
Identity ______________ is the category in which adolescents have coped with crises and explored options
achievement
What do the most successful juvenile delinquency programs do?
address problems early
Long period of transition between childhood and adulthood
adolescence
A sudden burst of physical growth during which adolescents gain height and weight
adolescent growth spurt
Abrupt burst of growth
adolescent growth spurt
The ____________ usually last two to three years
adolescent growth spurt
Usually begins at about age 10 or 11 for girls and age 12 or 13 for boys
adolescent growth spurt
Spur development of pubic and underarm hair in girls
androgens
A life-threatening disorder characterized by self-starvation and a distorted body image
anorexia nervosa
A life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image
anorexia nervosa
Disorder characterized by self-starvation
anorexia nervosa
Disorder characterized by self-starvation and distorted body image
anorexia nervosa
The period of sudden adolescent growth is sometimes called the ____________ because parts of their body grow at different rates.
awkward age
Psychologist G. Stanley Hall thought that the Strum and Drang of adolescence was caused by?
biological changes
A distorted ________________ is common among people with anorexia nervosa.
body image
Disorder characterized by binge eating
bulimia nervosa
Recurrent cycles of binge eating followed by dramatic measures to eliminate food, such as vomiting,
bulimia nervosa
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a pattern of binge eating and efforts to eliminate food, such as vomiting?
bulimia nervosa
"I am the peer group of five to ten people who spend a great deal of time with one another, sharing activities and confidences"
cliques
Peer groups who spend a great deal of time with one another
cliques
Erik Erikson labeled one key aspect of adolescent development an identity ______________.
crisis
"I am a large group of people who do not necessarily spend a lot of time together, but share attitudes and group identity"
crowds
Large groups of people who share attitudes and group identity
crowds
Large groups of people who share attitudes and group identity but do not spend a great deal of time with each other
crowds
as sense of who you are and what you stand for
identity
"I am the identity status category in which students have explored options."
identity achievement
Feeling resolved about occupational directions and major life questions
identity achievement
category in which students have coped with crises and have explored options
identity achievement
"i represent a turning point in a person's development."
identity crisis
Turning point in an adolescent's development
identity crisis
turning point in a person's development when the person examines his or her values
identity crisis
"I am the category in which adolescents have not committed themselves to personal beliefs or an occupational path."
identity diffusion
Period with no soul searching, goal setting, or commitment to a life direction
identity diffusion
constant search for meaning in life and identity because they haven't committed themselves to a set of personal beliefs or an occupational path
identity diffusion
"I am the category in which adolescents make a commitment that forecloses other possibilities."
identity foreclosure
Adolescents in this category shut out other possibilities
identity foreclosure
Which of the following describes a state in which adolescents shut out life possibilities without having first figured out what is right for them?
identity foreclosure
category where people make a commitment to shut out other possibilities
identity foreclosure
"I am the category in which teens delay making commitments about important questions."
identity moratorium
A delay in making commitments about important questions
identity moratorium
period or time in which a person delays making an decision about important issues
identity moratorium
reactions patterns and processes
identity status
Illegal activities committed by children or adolescents
juvenile delinquency
A person between the ages of 18 and 21 is said to be in _________________ adolescence.
late
ages 18 to 21
late adolescence
factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency
low self-esteem • feelings of alienation and estrangement • lack of affection, lax discipline, and use of severe physical punishment in the home • behavior problems that began early • poor grades and lack of educational or vocational goals • pressure from peers • having a parent or sibling who has been convicted of criminal behavior
Adolescents value _________________ as a key aspect of friendship, which is demonstrated through sticking up for one another.
loyalty
A female's first menstrual period
menarche
The first menstruation, or ________________, usually occurs in girls between the age of 11 and 14.
menarche
first menstruation
menarche
ages 15 to 18
middle adolescence
"I am the relationship that adolescents struggle with as they develop closer relationships with peers"
parental
An adolescent's career and educational goals are most influenced by his or her
parents
"I am active in groups where I try to get each individual to conform to the goals, attitudes, and behaviors of the group"
peer pressure
Pressure from friends to conform to their goals, attitudes, and behavior
peer pressure
Strong influence on adolescents by fellow adolescents
peer pressure
Can make identity more difficult, specifically for minority youth
prejudice
Characteristics directly involved in reproduction
primary sex characteristics
The organs that make sexual reproduction possible, such as the ovaries and testes
primary sex characteristics
characteristics that are directly involved in reproduction
primary sex characteristics
factors that contribute to teen pregnancy
problematic relationships, emotional problems, problems in school, loosening of prohibitions, peer pressure, lack of knowledge
Adolescence begins with the onset of _____________________, the changes that lead to the ability to reproduce.
puberty
Period of developmental changes that lead to the ability to reproduce
puberty
The onset of one's ability to reproduce
puberty
During adolescence these relationships undergo redefinition
relationships with parents
Characteristics not directly involved in reproduction
secondary sex characteristics
Deepening voice in males
secondary sex characteristics
Sexual characteristics not involved in reproduction
secondary sex characteristics
The deepening of the voice in males is an example of a _____________________.
secondary sex characteristics
characteristics that are not directly involved in reproduction
secondary sex characteristics
James Marcia concluded that there are four categories of identity _____________, reaction patterns and process
status
Activity that is illegal only when committed by minors
status offense
Offenses that are illegal only when they are committed by minors
status offenses
Sturm und Drang
storm and stress
Translates as "storm and stress"
sturm and drang
The use of alcohol and drugs to alter mood, done to the point of damage
substance abuse
Hormones that causes boys' voices to deepen
testosterone
Adolescents with [anorexia nervosa] usually weigh less than 85 percent of what would be considered a healthy weight.
true
The great majority of people who suffer from [bulimia nervosa] are female.
true
True or False: Adolescence is a time of [sturm and drang]
true
True or False: Adolescence usually agree with their parents' moral values and educational and career goals, while disagreeing with their parents in terms of dress, hairstyles, taste in music and speech patterns.
true
True or False: Some psychologists think that adolescents try out different "selves" in an effort to get a sense of who they are and what they stand for.
true
True or False: The [hormonal] changes of adolescence have some effect on mood swings.
true
True or False: [Peer pressure] is relatively weak in early adolescence but increases in middle of adolescence
true
When does the biological stage of development known as puberty end?
when physical growth stops
Piaget believed it involved the ability to think abstractly
formal operational stage
"I am a biological factor that has some effect on the activity levels, mood swings, and aggressive tendencies of adolescence"
hormonal changes
A life threatening eating disorder characterized by dramatic measures to eliminate food, such as vomiting
Bulimia nervosa
Adolescents experiencing identity __________________ seem to be constantly searching for meaning in life
diffusion
Alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana are examples of __________________ drugs
gateway
ages 11 to 14
early adolescence
Regulates menstrual cycle
estrogen
True or False: Adolescence is divided into two age categories, the period before physical growth ends and the period when psychological preparation for adulthood takes place
false
True or False: Drug prevention programs are extremely effective in keeping students from trying drugs such as alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana.
false
True or False: A [crowd] is a group of people who spend a great deal of time together
false; cliques
Symptoms of [substance abuse include excessive dieting and exercise, excessive weight loss, and obsession with food.
false; eating disorder
True or False: Adolescents are involved in a quest for [conformity].
false; independence
The term [status offenses] refers to activist that are illegal regardless of age.
false; juvenile delinquency
The term [juvenile delinquency] refers to offenses such as truancy
false; status offenses
Often express concern over how to balance work and family life
female adolescents
Adolescents in the identity ___________ category make a commitment to shut out other possibilities
foreclosure