Chapter 11 Quiz

Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can best be described as . . . A) Facilities where a large number of animals are housed and fed in a confined space B) A method of producing more meat at a higher cost C) A means of producing great quantities of manure to fertilize fields organically D) An experimental plan to test the effectiveness of antibiotics E) The storing and compacting of grain for use as a nutrient supplement for cattle

A

It has been projected that aquaculture could supply about one-half the global demand for seafood by 2025. However, future production through aquaculture could be limited because . . . A) Concentrated waste from aquaculture facilities contaminates rivers and oceans B) Raising fish in a protected environment could lead to a fish population overshoot C) The economies of developing countries would be negatively affected D) Ocean fishing operations would go out of business E) The ITQ system would prohibit their expansion

A

The primary reason for malnutrition is . . . A) Poverty B) Political unrest C) Insufficient food production D) Diversion of food to livestock E) Excessive food waste in developed nations

A

Which nutritional trend is true? A) Three species of plants contribute over 60 percent of human energy intake B) Meat consumption is decreasing globally C) Growing more grain is the only way to feed the world's population D) Overnutrition has remained constant over the last century worldwide E) Grain production has increased rapidly in recent years

A

Which of the following is NOT a traditional farming technique that is used in sustainable agriculture? A) Nomadic herding B) Intercropping C) Crop rotation D) Agroforestry E) Contour plowing

A

Individual transferable quotas . . . A) Are used in organic pest management B) Are apart of sustainable fishing C) Are an alternative method used for CAFOs D) Are used to increase yields in communal farms E) Are used in aquaculture

B

Undernutrition means . . . A) Lacking the proper balance of proteins, vitamins, and minerals B) Not consuming a sufficient number of calories C) Lacking a specific nutrient such as Vitamin A or iron D) A lack of food such that deaths begin to occur E) The ingestion of too many poor quality calories

B

Which of the following agricultural methods is most similar to intercropping? A) Contour plowing B) Agroforestry C) No-till agriculture D) Integrated pest management E) Nomadic grazing

B

Which of the following does NOT explain the rise of the modern farming system? A) The cost of labor varies from country to country B) Small farms are usually more profitable than large farms C) Irrigation contributes to greater crop yields D) Fertilizers improve crop yields and are easy to apply E) Mechanization facilitates mono cropping and improves profits

B

Which of the following is NOT an environmental or health problem that has been associated with CAFOs? A) The increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria potentially harmful to humans B) The overgrazing of large tracts of land C) The runoff of animal wastes into natural waters D) The production of huge quantities of manure, creating a waste disposal problem E) The use of grain as feed, reducing the food supply available to humans

B

Which of the following practices is NOT a part of integrated pest management? A) Crop rotation B) Elimination of pesticides C) Use of pest-resistant crops D) Introduction of predators E) Frequent inspection of crops

B

Anemia, the most widespread nutritional deficiency, is the result of insufficient . . . A) Vitamin A B) Protein C) Iron D) Calories E) Vitamin D

C

If 12,000,000 kilocalories of chicken can be produced per hectare, how much land is needed to provide someone with 2,000 kilocalories/day for a year? A) 0.01 ha B) 0.02 ha C) 0.06 ha D) 0.2 ha E) 0.4 ha

C

Which agricultural method is used to prevent erosion? A) Intercropping B) Integrated pest management C) Contour plowing D) CAFOs E) Annual plants

C

Which of the following is an environmental advantage of no-till agriculture? A) The use of herbicides improves the stability of the soil B) Migratory bird populations are reduced C) The undisturbed soil is less susceptible to erosion D) The crop residues reduce the soil profile E) The concentration of CO₂ in the fields is increased

C

Which of the following is an environmental effect of bycatch? A) Juvenile fish are too small and slip through the nets, thereby ensuring the next generation of commercial fish B) Predators caught in the nets feed on the commercially important fish also caught, thereby reducing the total catch C) Nontarget fish populations have declined D) Cod populations have increased due to the removal of competitor species E) Endangered species, such as sea turtles, are being marketed through the ITQ system

C

Which of the following statements best describes the pesticide treadmill? A) Broad-spectrum pesticides degrade into select pesticides, thereby killing a wide range of insect pests over a long period B) Pesticides accumulate in the fatty tissues of consumers and increase in concentrations as they move up the food chain C) Some pest populations evolve resistance to pesticides, which become less effective over time so that new pesticides must be developed D) Beneficial insects and natural predators are killed at a faster rate than the pest insects E) Testing of the toxicity of pesticides to humans cannot keep pace wit the discovery and production of new pesticides

C

Broad-spectrum pesticides . . . A) Do not cause increased pesticide resistance B) Are almost always nonpersistent C) Are banned in the United States D) Are likely to kill beneficial insects E) Are only produced synthetically

D

Critics of genetically modified organisms as food crops warn of which of the following dangers? I. Introduction of new allergens into the food supply II. Loss of genetic diversity in food crops III. Decreases in food production worldwide A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) I and III

D

Farmers who practice organic agriculture have less of an impact on the environment than famers who practice industrial agriculture because they . . . A) Use no-till agriculture exclusively B) Import soil to maintain soil fertility C) Maintain large farms with a single crop D) Avoid pesticides and synthetic fertilizers E) Have lower labor costs

D

The Green Revolution . . . A) Began in the mid-nineteenth century B) Discouraged the mechanization of agriculture C) Decreased the energy subsidy of most food D) Encouraged the use of monocropping E) Pertained to leafy green plants only

D

The use of synthetic fertilizers increases crop yields, but also . . . A) Destroys the nitrifying bacteria in the soil B) Increases fish populations in nearby streams C) Decreases phosphorus concentrations in the atmosphere D) Increases nutrient runoff into bordering surface water E) Slows the release of organic nutrients from compost

D

Which is NOT a principle of organic farming? A) Avoiding synthetic fertilizers B) Keeping as much organic matter as possible on the farm C) Increasing soil mass and biological activity D) Avoiding the use of fossil fuels E) Working with natural systems

D

Approximately how many people are malnourished worldwide? A) 10 percent B) 18 percent C) 25 percent D) 30 percent E) 45 percent

E

Bycatch . . . A) Is a common problem with increased pesticide use B) Is a management technique in CAFOs C) Is a cause of fishery collapse D) Is a side effect of some genetic engineering E) Is common in large-scale fishing

E

In which of the following ways did the Green Revolution increase food production? I. The development of disease-resistant and high-yielding crop plants II. Monocropping and the widespread use of machinery III. The application of fertilizers and the use of irrigation techniques A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and III E) I, II, and III

E

Irrigation can result in which of the following environmental problems? I. Reduction of evaporation rates II. Accumulation of salts in soil III. Waterlogging of soil and plant roots A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) II and III

E

What is the primary benefit of perennial plants? A) Increased crop yields B) Decreased pesticide use C) Increased nitrogen fixing D) Easy integration of crop rotation E) Decreased erosion

E

Which is NOT a benefit of genetically modified organisms? A) Decreased pesticide use B) Increased profit C) Increased resistance to extreme weather D) Increased crop yield E) Increased genetic diversity

E

Which is a part of integrated pest management? A) No-till B) Increased applicaiton of pesticides C) Contour plowing D) Desertification E) Crop rotation

E