Chapter 11

Scatter diagram

A graph that visually displays the linear relationships among factors

Pictogram

A graphic technique in which pictures are used in the display of data

Pie chart

A graphic technique in which the proportions of a category are displayed as portions of a circle (like pieces of a pie)

Bar Chart

A graphic technique used to display frequency distributions of nominal or ordinal data that fall into categories; also called bar graph

Bar Graph

A graphic technique used to display frequency distributions of nominal or ordinal data that fall into categories; also called bar graph

Histogram

A graphic technique used to display the frequency distribution of continuous data (interval or ratio data) as either numbers or percentages in a series of bars

Line graph

A graphic technique used to illustrate the relationship between continuous measurements; consists of a line drawn to connect a series of points on an arithmetic scale and is often used to display time trends

Interval data

A type of data that represents observations that can be measured on an evenly distributed scale beginning at a point other than true zero

Nominal data

A type of data that represents values or observations that can be labeled or named and where the values fall into unordered categories; also called dichotomous data

Ordinal data

A type of data that represents values or observations that can be ranked or ordered

Run chart

A type of graph that shows data points collected over time and identifies emerging trends or patterns

Frequency polygon

A type of line graph that represents a frequency distribution

Table

An organized arrangement of data, usually in columns and rows

Ratio data

Data that may be displayed by units of equal size and placed on a scale starting with zero and thus can be manipulated mathematically (for example, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20)

Continuous data

Data that represent measurable quantities but are not restricted to certain specified values

Discrete data

Data that represent separate and distinct values or observations; that is, data that contain only finite numbers and have only specified values

Categorical data

Four types of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) that represent values or observations that can be sorted into a category; also called scales of measurement

Scales of measurement

Four types of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) that represent values or observations that can be sorted into a category; also called scales of measurement