Chapter 11: water, resources, and pollution (McGraw-Hill connect) Part C

Water rising to the surface without being pumped, due to underground pressure, is known as ___________.

an artesian spring

Water diversion= ?

can create additional areas with dry conditions

Instead of releasing materials as toxic water contaminants, companies can ___________ and reclaim these materials for economic benefit.

recycle

Communities that reclaim storm and sewage water and treat it for reuse in agriculture or even for drinking water are said to be _______ water.

recycling

Desalination= ?

requires a great deal of energy

Damming = ?

requires relocation of people and blocks movement of nutrients/animals

The length of time water typically stays in a compartment is its ______________.

residence time

when too much groundwater is withdrawn, pore spaces within aquifers compress and the ground surface undergoes ___________, permanently lowering the elevation of the land surface.

subsidence

A total maximum daily load (TMDL) is ____________.

the amount of a particular pollutant that a water body can receive from both point and nonpoint sources

True or false: Parts of the U.S. currently face water crisis.

true

Cholera, typhoid, enteritis, and polio are all _________ diseases that seriously affect human populations.

waterborne

Per capita domestic water use is greatest in __________.

wealthy countries

Match the terms used to describe water availability to the actual amounts in cubic meters per person per year. 1. Scarcity A) 1,700-2,500 2. Stress B) 1,000-1,700 3. Vulnerability C) 0-1,000

1. Scarcity C) 0-1,000 2. Stress B) 1,000-1,700 3. Vulnerability A) 1,700-2,500

What are the present challenges to achieving national goals in water quality in the United States?

1. sediments 2. nutrients 3. pathogens

Which of the following are true regarding the recharge and depletion of aquifers? A) lack of precipitation in an area will affect a shallow aquifer B) recharge of aquifers can take decades or centuries C) aquifers that are overused become depleted D) because aquifers are continuously recharged, we can use all the water within them without worry E) aquifers that become depleted can almost always be recharged

A) lack of precipitation in an area will affect a shallow aquifer B) recharge of aquifers can take decades or centuries C) aquifers that are overused become depleted

Which of the following stages in the hydrologic cycle is incorrect? A) transpiration moves from plant surfaces to the atmosphere B) evaporation moves water from the land and water surfaces to the atmosphere C) infiltration is the process where groundwater becomes surface water D) precipitation is the movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth

C) infiltration is the process where groundwater becomes surface water

Which of the following is NOT increased as you have an increase in organic waste in water: A) eutrophication B) oxygen sag C) pathogen transmission D) acidification

D) acidification

Choose from the list below all of the waterborne diseases that seriously affect humans. A) yellow fever B) cholera C) cancer D) dysentery E) influenza F) typhoid

F) typhoid D) dysentery B) cholera A) yellow fever

An area where infiltration of water into an aquifer occurs is called ________.

a recharge zone

Which low-cost waste treatment system mimics nature?

constructed wetlands

Efficiency/conservation = ?

difficulties in changing lifestyles

True or false: agricultural crops such as corn and wheat have a higher water demand, per kilogram of product produced, than livestock such as pork and beef.

false

One of the newest large-scale uses of water for industrial purposes is for the process of hydraulic ____________.

fracturing

Global human water use is ________.

increasing twice as fast as population growth