Chapter 1.1 What Is Biology

What kind of organisms are viruses

ACELLULAR

What are mutations?

Alterations of the genome. They occur spontaneously.

What kind of tissue did Schleiden study?

Animal tissue

What did Van Leeuwenhoek discover?

Drops of pond water teemed with single-celled organisms.

Who invented the microscope

Dutch spectacle makers Hans and Zaccharias Janssen(father and son)

What kind of tissue did Schwann study?

Plant tissue

List all the points of the Modern Cell Theory.

1.) All cells come from preexisting cells. 2.) All cells are similar in chemical composition. 3.) Most of the chemical reactions for life occur in aqueous solution within cells. 4.) complete sets of genetic information are replicated and passed on during cell division. 5.) viruses lack cellular structure but remain dependent on cellular organisms.

What did Schleiden and Schwann's cell theory encompass?

1.) Cells are the basic structural and physiological units of all living organisms. 2.) Cells are both distinct entities and building blocks of more complex organisms.

List all the traits living organisms share

1.) Consist of one or more cells 2.) contain genetic information 3.) use genetic information to reproduce themselves 4.) are genetically related and have evolved 5.) can convert molecules obtained from their environment into new biological molecules. 6.) can extract energy from the environment and use it to do biological work. 7.) can regulate their internal environment.

Natural Selection leads to?

Adaptations: structural, physiological, or behavioral traits that enhance an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment.

Define a "living thing"

All the diverse organisms descended from a single-celled ancestor that evolved almost 4 billion years ago.

What is Biology

Biology is the scientific study of living things.

What four nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA?

C, G, T, and A

What are the basic units of life

CELLS

What kind of proteins form in muscle cells?

Contractile proteins

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid?

DNA molecules are long sequences of four different sub-units called nucleotides.

What is a central theme of biology

EVOLUTION

What did Hooke discover?

He put pieces of plants under his microscope and observed that they were made up of repeated units he called cells.

What kind of proteins form in muscle cells?

Hemoglobin

Who formulated the cell theory?

Matthias Schleiden(Germany) and Theodor Schwann(Belgium).

What are genes?

Specific segments of DNA encoding the information the cell uses to make proteins.

What did Louis Pasteur's experiment prove?

Spontaneous generation was an erroneous way of thinking.

What is a genome?

The information required for a cell to function and interact with other cells. The sum total of all the DNA molecules it contains.

What is Genetic Drift?

The random fluctuation of gene frequencies in a population due to chance events.

What do protein molecules do?

They govern the chemical reactions within cells and form much of an organism's structure.

Which two scientist improved on the Janssen's technology?

Van Leeuwenhoek of Holland and Hooke of England.

Define species

a group of organisms that can produce viable and fertile offspring with one another.

Define Evolution

change in the genetic makeup of biological populations through time.

Define Natural Selection

differential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population.

What do nucleotides contain?

nucleotides contain genetic information.