Chapter 12
Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.
edema
All lymph flows in a one-way system toward the ________.
heart
Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to ________.
delayed hypersensitivity
The adaptive (specific) defense system ________.
issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances
Which tonsils sit at the base of the tongue?
lingual
Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.
lymph nodes
Which of the following are harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body?
pathogens
From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collects lymph?
right arm
Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response
self-antigens
The Peyer's patches are indicated by ________.
small intestine
The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by ________.
spleen
Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver?
spleen
Which blood vessels receive lymph from the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic
subclavian veins
Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?
the pumping action of the heart
Where are the tonsils located
throat (pharynx)
The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________.
tonsils
What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity
trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
Which statement is true of antibody IgE?
IgE is involved in allergies.
Cells that engulf and present parts of antigens on the membrane for recognition by T cells bearing receptors for the same antigen
Antigen-presenting cell (APC)
Cell that develops immunocompetence in the bone marrow
B cell
Cell that kills virus-infected cells, cancerous cells, and is involved in graft rejection
Cytotoxic T cell
True or False: B cells become immunocompetent in the thymus
False
Cell that directs the adaptive immune response by recruiting other cells to fight the invaders
Helper T cell
Cell that may exist in the body for years and enable a quick response to subsequent meetings with the same antigen
Memory cell
Cell that produces huge numbers of the same antibody (immunoglobulin)
Plasma cell
Cell that slows or stops B and T cell activity once infection has been conquered
Regulatory T cell
How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?
Secrete highly-specific antibodies.
Which of the following is NOT applicable to the third line of defense?
The injection of serum containing antibodies will always provide immunity against disease.
True or False: Autoimmune disease arises when the immune system is no longer tolerant of self-antigens and antibodies are produced to attack the body's own tissues
True
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.
acute inflammation
Humoral immunity is provided by _______
antibodies
Humoral immunity is provided by ________
antibodies
A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response
antigen
Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________.
blood
Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?
bone marrow
Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________.
vaccines
What is the origin of lymphatic vessels?
veins of the blood vascular system