Chapter 12

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Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.

edema

All lymph flows in a one-way system toward the ________.

heart

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to ________.

delayed hypersensitivity

The adaptive (specific) defense system ________.

issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

Which tonsils sit at the base of the tongue?

lingual

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

lymph nodes

Which of the following are harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body?

pathogens

From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collects lymph?

right arm

Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response

self-antigens

The Peyer's patches are indicated by ________.

small intestine

The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by ________.

spleen

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver?

spleen

Which blood vessels receive lymph from the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic

subclavian veins

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?

the pumping action of the heart

Where are the tonsils located

throat (pharynx)

The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________.

tonsils

What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity

trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris

Which statement is true of antibody IgE?

IgE is involved in allergies.

Cells that engulf and present parts of antigens on the membrane for recognition by T cells bearing receptors for the same antigen

Antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Cell that develops immunocompetence in the bone marrow

B cell

Cell that kills virus-infected cells, cancerous cells, and is involved in graft rejection

Cytotoxic T cell

True or False: B cells become immunocompetent in the thymus

False

Cell that directs the adaptive immune response by recruiting other cells to fight the invaders

Helper T cell

Cell that may exist in the body for years and enable a quick response to subsequent meetings with the same antigen

Memory cell

Cell that produces huge numbers of the same antibody (immunoglobulin)

Plasma cell

Cell that slows or stops B and T cell activity once infection has been conquered

Regulatory T cell

How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?

Secrete highly-specific antibodies.

Which of the following is NOT applicable to the third line of defense?

The injection of serum containing antibodies will always provide immunity against disease.

True or False: Autoimmune disease arises when the immune system is no longer tolerant of self-antigens and antibodies are produced to attack the body's own tissues

True

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.

acute inflammation

Humoral immunity is provided by _______

antibodies

Humoral immunity is provided by ________

antibodies

A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response

antigen

Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________.

blood

Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?

bone marrow

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________.

vaccines

What is the origin of lymphatic vessels?

veins of the blood vascular system


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