A&P EXAM 3

________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

Capillaries

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

Cuspids

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of Northern European descent.

Cystic fibrosis

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except:

absorption of monosaccharides

All of the following occur during exercise except:

blood flow to skin decreases

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is:

bound to hemoglobin.

The respiratory center is housed in the ________ of the brain:

brain stem

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as:

chyme.

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

cricoid

The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is:

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Bile is stored in the:

gallbladder.

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the:

movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Name the regions and functions of the pharynx. (Module 22.8A):

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx; to provide a passageway for food to enter the esophagus

Starting at the mouth, identify the major organs of the digestive tract. (Module 22.1B)

oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

pancreas

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from:

parasympathetic stimulation.

A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect?

patent ductus arteriosus

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called:

peristalsis.

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the:

pharynx

What is the function of the salivary glands? (Module 22.18A)

produce mucin and enzymes

Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

pulmonary arteries

The technical term for "breathing" is:

pulmonary ventilation.

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the:

rectum

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the:

right atrium

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit? (Module 19.1C)

right atrium

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle:

right primary

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

systemic venous system

Which is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract?

A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules.

The larynx contains all of the following except:

C-rings composed of hyaline cartilage

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the:

uvula.

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

venules

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the:

venules.

Blood pressure is lowest in the:

viens

________ crush and grind food.

Both bicuspids and molars

On average, the body produces ________ of saliva in a day:

1.0-1.5 L

The normal respiratory rate of a resting adult ranges from ________ breaths each minute, or roughly one for every four heartbeats:

12 to 18

There are normally a total of ________ primary teeth.

20

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body:

All of the answers are correct.

Describe the function of the large intestine. (Module 22.5C)

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination

Define edema. (Module 19.8B)

Edema is an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in peripheral tissues.

Describe hepatitis. (Module 22.24A)

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco smoking and lung damage is true?

Neoplasia is not reversible, even if the person stops smoking, but can be treated by surgery.

Name the lobes and fissures of each lung. (Module 21.6D)

The left lung is divided into a superior lobe and an inferior lobe by the oblique fissure. The right lung is divided into a superior lobe and middle lobe by the horizontal fissure, and the oblique fissure separates the superior and middle lobes from the inferior lobe.

Define respiratory defense system. (Module 21.2A)

The respiratory defense system is a series of filtration mechanisms that prevent airway contamination

Where are chemoreceptors located? (Module 19.11A)

They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies.

Why are valves located in veins but not in arteries? (Module 19.4A)

Valves are located in veins to prevent blood from flowing backward because venous pressure is too low to keep the blood moving back toward the heart.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

Where does gas exchange between the air and the lungs occur? (Module 21.1A)

alveoli

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the:

alveoli.

Asthma is:

an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways

Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A)

aorta

Which is greater:arterial pressure or venous pressure? (Module 19.5B)

arterial pressure

List the five general classes of blood vessels. (Module 19.2A)

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Where is blood pressure highest?

artery

Identify the four regions of the colon. (Module 22.16B):

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is:

atrioventricular septal defect.

RBCs move single file through this structure.

capillary

Compared to arteries, veins:

have thinner walls.

The superior vena cava collect blood from the:

head, chest, and upper limbs.

Regions of the stomach include all of the following except:

ileum

All of the following occur in response to hemorrhage except:

increase in blood pressure.

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

internal carotid

Boyle's law states that gas volume is:

inversely proportional to pressure

Most of the carbon dioxide that is absorbed by blood:

is converted to carbonic acid.

The middle segment of the small intestine is the:

jejunum

Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch?

left lung

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the:

lips

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the:

soft palate

What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)

store and concentrate bile

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except:

the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax increases

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that:

they are equal

What is the primary digestive function of the pancreas? (Module 22.23A)

to produce buffers and enzymes for the digestion of starches, lipids, nucleic acids, and protein

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the:

trachea.