Chapter 12

Figure 12.2- the thymus is indicted by

Label B

Figure 12.1 - Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by

Label C

Figure 12.2 - the lymphoid organ that destroys work-out blood cells is indicated by

Label C

Figure 12.2- the spleen is indicated by

Label C

Figure 12.1 - a lymph capillary is indicted by

Label D

Figure 12.2- the peyers patches are indicated

Label D

Figure 12.1- blood capillaries are indicated by

Label E

From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collect lymph

Right arm

Which of the following substance is NOT likely to trigger the immune response?

Self-antigens

The inflammatory process begins with release of chemical which do all of the following except

Stimulates the release of lysozyme

Which of the following are harmful or disease- causing miccorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body ?

Pathogens

B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells) plays an important role in adaptive defense system

True

What is the region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody?

Variable or V region

Which of the the following is not a cell that behaves as an antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Virus

How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?

plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies

What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir?

spleen

Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?

bone marrow

Jill felt small, swollen structures under her chin in her neck during a recent head cold. She probably had swollen ________.

cervical lymph nodes

1. Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity 2. traps and removes bacteria and pathogens entering the throat 3. Located overlying heart 4. Destroys worn out blood cells and returns some of their break down 5. Located in the wall of the small intestine 6. Programs T lymphocytes during youth

1. Spleen 2. Tonsils 3. Thymus Gland 4. Spleen 5. Peyers Patches 6. thymus gland

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) engulf antigens and present them to the cell

True

Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens

True

Cytotoxic T cells release perforins to create pores

True

Intact keratinized epidermis and mucous membranes sleep are strong mechanical barriers to most microorganisms

True

The innate ( nonspecific) defense system and adaptive ( specific) defense

True

The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the surface of foreign cells is called is called complement fixation

True

The role of the spleen in the lymphatic system

True

antibodies or immunoglobulins are secreted by activated B cells or by their plasma-cell. Offspring in response to an antigen

True

Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?

Type I diabetes mellitus

Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from

blood

What is the chief way the body responds to cellular antigens , such as bacteria or mismatched red blood cells ?

Complement fixation

Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________.

naturally acquired active immunity

Which one of the following is not an autoimmune disease

Allergic contact dermatitis

What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of transplanted tissues?

An autograft

Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergen that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites , is called

Anaphylactic shock

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defense?

Antibody production

membrane attack complex (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst

Complement fixation

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugars

Complement fixation

What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly?

Cytotoxic T cells

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called

Helper T cells

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy

Delayed hypersensitivity

Allergies, or hypersensitivities, are normal immune responses.

False

As people age , they become more resistant to the development of autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases.

False

One result of fever is formation of a membrane attack complex ( MAC) which produces holes, or pores , in the foreign cells surface

False

The constant region of the antibody joins heavy and light chain to form an antigen- binding

False

The final disposal of cells debris as inflammation subsided is performed by neutrophils

False

The lymph nodes filter bacteria , viruses, and tumor cells from the blood on its way back to the heart

False

The most important function of the thymus gland is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some

False

The two main structures of the lymphatic system are the lymphatic vessels and the blood vessels

False

Xenografts are ideal donor organs or tissues since they rarely cause rejection

False

What does fever accomplish?

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

What are troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens

Haptens

Which abundant antibody is the only one to cross the placental barrier?

IgG

Which system is a functional system, not an organ system in the anatomical sense, that consists of innate and adaptive defense mechanisms

Immune system

What small proteins are secreted by virus- infected cells to help defend cels

Interferons

Figure 12.1 - the lymph duct is indicted by

Label A

Figure 12.2 - the lymphoid tissue that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by

Label A

Which of the following is NOT one of the mucosa-associationed lymphoid tissues (MALT)?

Lymph nodes

Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the

Lymphatic system

What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)

Lymphocytes

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) presents fragment of cells so they can be recognized by

Macrophages

Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria , viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph?

Macrophages

Which blood vessels receive lymph from the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct?

Subclavian Veins

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clinal selection of

T cells

Which statement regarding the role of T lymphocytes (T cells) is true ?

T lymphocytes (T cells) constitutes the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defense

What are T lymphocytes ( T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells ) self-tolerant of?

The body's own cells

Which of the following is not applicable to the throw line of defense

The injection of the serum containing antibodies will alway

Which of the following best describes positive chemotaxis?

The movement of cells toward a high concentration of signaling molecules

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart

The pumping action of the heart

Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth?

Thymus

All lymph rejoins the bloodstream via the subclavian veins.

True

Anaphylactic shock, an acute systemic allergic response, cause vasodilation

True

Antibodies can inactivate an antigen in many ways

True

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation of clonal selection of T cells

True

Redness , heat , swelling , and pain are four most common indicators of

acute inflammation

Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped?

agglutination

Humoral immunity is provided by

antibodies

A(n) _ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response

antigen

Which of the following is often used to treat allergies?

antihistamines

Which of the following is not one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?

chills

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called

diapedesis

Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called

edema

All lymph flows in one-way system toward the

heart

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered

immunocompetent

The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist is determined by:

individual genetic makeup

What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells?

interferons

The adaptive (specific) defense system

issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

Figure 12.2- the tonsils are indicted by

label A

Figure 12.1 - a lymph node is indicated by

label B

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

lymph nodes

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.

passive immunity

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called _________.

precipitation

Where are the tonsils located?

throat (pharynx)

The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

tonsils

autoimmune disease arises when the immune sytem

true

Active immunity to tetanus , whooping cough , and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive

vaccines

What are tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species called?

xenografts

1. Any substance capable of provoking an immune response 2. Small protein that binds with receptors on healthy cells to promote protein synthesis and prevent viruses from binding 3. Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages to raise the body's temperature 4. Chemical released by natural killer cells to cause cell lysis 5. Chemical released by macrophages and dendritic cells to activate many other immune cell 6. vaccines stimulate the production of these soluble proteins 7. Chemical that provides resistance to intact skin against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes

1. antigen 2. interferon 3. Pyrogens 4. perforins 5. Cytokines 6. Antibody 7. Keratin

What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease

Skin and mucous membranes

For which of the following would a vaccine NOT be suitable?

Snake bites

Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies?

The constant regions form an antigen-binding site