Chapter 12
Figure 12.2- the thymus is indicted by
Label B
Figure 12.1 - Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by
Label C
Figure 12.2 - the lymphoid organ that destroys work-out blood cells is indicated by
Label C
Figure 12.2- the spleen is indicated by
Label C
Figure 12.1 - a lymph capillary is indicted by
Label D
Figure 12.2- the peyers patches are indicated
Label D
Figure 12.1- blood capillaries are indicated by
Label E
From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collect lymph
Right arm
Which of the following substance is NOT likely to trigger the immune response?
Self-antigens
The inflammatory process begins with release of chemical which do all of the following except
Stimulates the release of lysozyme
Which of the following are harmful or disease- causing miccorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body ?
Pathogens
B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells) plays an important role in adaptive defense system
True
What is the region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody?
Variable or V region
Which of the the following is not a cell that behaves as an antigen-presenting cell (APC)
Virus
How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?
plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies
What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir?
spleen
Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?
bone marrow
Jill felt small, swollen structures under her chin in her neck during a recent head cold. She probably had swollen ________.
cervical lymph nodes
1. Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity 2. traps and removes bacteria and pathogens entering the throat 3. Located overlying heart 4. Destroys worn out blood cells and returns some of their break down 5. Located in the wall of the small intestine 6. Programs T lymphocytes during youth
1. Spleen 2. Tonsils 3. Thymus Gland 4. Spleen 5. Peyers Patches 6. thymus gland
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) engulf antigens and present them to the cell
True
Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens
True
Cytotoxic T cells release perforins to create pores
True
Intact keratinized epidermis and mucous membranes sleep are strong mechanical barriers to most microorganisms
True
The innate ( nonspecific) defense system and adaptive ( specific) defense
True
The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the surface of foreign cells is called is called complement fixation
True
The role of the spleen in the lymphatic system
True
antibodies or immunoglobulins are secreted by activated B cells or by their plasma-cell. Offspring in response to an antigen
True
Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?
Type I diabetes mellitus
Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from
blood
What is the chief way the body responds to cellular antigens , such as bacteria or mismatched red blood cells ?
Complement fixation
Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________.
naturally acquired active immunity
Which one of the following is not an autoimmune disease
Allergic contact dermatitis
What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of transplanted tissues?
An autograft
Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergen that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites , is called
Anaphylactic shock
Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defense?
Antibody production
membrane attack complex (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst
Complement fixation
The binding of complement proteins to certain sugars
Complement fixation
What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly?
Cytotoxic T cells
AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called
Helper T cells
Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy
Delayed hypersensitivity
Allergies, or hypersensitivities, are normal immune responses.
False
As people age , they become more resistant to the development of autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases.
False
One result of fever is formation of a membrane attack complex ( MAC) which produces holes, or pores , in the foreign cells surface
False
The constant region of the antibody joins heavy and light chain to form an antigen- binding
False
The final disposal of cells debris as inflammation subsided is performed by neutrophils
False
The lymph nodes filter bacteria , viruses, and tumor cells from the blood on its way back to the heart
False
The most important function of the thymus gland is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some
False
The two main structures of the lymphatic system are the lymphatic vessels and the blood vessels
False
Xenografts are ideal donor organs or tissues since they rarely cause rejection
False
What does fever accomplish?
Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.
What are troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens
Haptens
Which abundant antibody is the only one to cross the placental barrier?
IgG
Which system is a functional system, not an organ system in the anatomical sense, that consists of innate and adaptive defense mechanisms
Immune system
What small proteins are secreted by virus- infected cells to help defend cels
Interferons
Figure 12.1 - the lymph duct is indicted by
Label A
Figure 12.2 - the lymphoid tissue that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by
Label A
Which of the following is NOT one of the mucosa-associationed lymphoid tissues (MALT)?
Lymph nodes
Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the
Lymphatic system
What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)
Lymphocytes
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) presents fragment of cells so they can be recognized by
Macrophages
Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria , viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph?
Macrophages
Which blood vessels receive lymph from the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct?
Subclavian Veins
Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clinal selection of
T cells
Which statement regarding the role of T lymphocytes (T cells) is true ?
T lymphocytes (T cells) constitutes the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defense
What are T lymphocytes ( T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells ) self-tolerant of?
The body's own cells
Which of the following is not applicable to the throw line of defense
The injection of the serum containing antibodies will alway
Which of the following best describes positive chemotaxis?
The movement of cells toward a high concentration of signaling molecules
Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart
The pumping action of the heart
Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth?
Thymus
All lymph rejoins the bloodstream via the subclavian veins.
True
Anaphylactic shock, an acute systemic allergic response, cause vasodilation
True
Antibodies can inactivate an antigen in many ways
True
Antigen presentation is essential for the activation of clonal selection of T cells
True
Redness , heat , swelling , and pain are four most common indicators of
acute inflammation
Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped?
agglutination
Humoral immunity is provided by
antibodies
A(n) _ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response
antigen
Which of the following is often used to treat allergies?
antihistamines
Which of the following is not one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?
chills
The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called
diapedesis
Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called
edema
All lymph flows in one-way system toward the
heart
T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered
immunocompetent
The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist is determined by:
individual genetic makeup
What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells?
interferons
The adaptive (specific) defense system
issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances
Figure 12.2- the tonsils are indicted by
label A
Figure 12.1 - a lymph node is indicated by
label B
Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.
lymph nodes
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.
passive immunity
Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called _________.
precipitation
Where are the tonsils located?
throat (pharynx)
The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.
tonsils
autoimmune disease arises when the immune sytem
true
Active immunity to tetanus , whooping cough , and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive
vaccines
What are tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species called?
xenografts
1. Any substance capable of provoking an immune response 2. Small protein that binds with receptors on healthy cells to promote protein synthesis and prevent viruses from binding 3. Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages to raise the body's temperature 4. Chemical released by natural killer cells to cause cell lysis 5. Chemical released by macrophages and dendritic cells to activate many other immune cell 6. vaccines stimulate the production of these soluble proteins 7. Chemical that provides resistance to intact skin against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes
1. antigen 2. interferon 3. Pyrogens 4. perforins 5. Cytokines 6. Antibody 7. Keratin
What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease
Skin and mucous membranes
For which of the following would a vaccine NOT be suitable?
Snake bites
Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies?
The constant regions form an antigen-binding site
