Chapter 12 Family and Relationships

_____ is a social group whose members are bound by legal, emotional, or biological ties (or a combination of all three). a. A fictive kin b. A kin group c. A family d. A nuclear family

c

According to sociologists, a family is defined as

a social group whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties, or a combination of all three.

polygyny

a system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives.

Polygamy

a system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a time, is practiced among some subcultures around the world, but is not widely acknowledged as a legitimate form of marriage.

Polyandry

a system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands, is a more rare form of polygamy.

Another kind of abuse children may experience is

neglect

Women nowadays have two jobs:

paid labor outside the home and unpaid labor inside the home.

custody

physical and legal responsibility for children, assigned by a court, but there is now a trend toward joint custody.

The more common form of polygamy is

polygyny, which is a system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives. Polyandry, a system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands, is a more rare form of polygamy.

incest

proscribed sexual contact between family members; this is a form of child abuse when it occurs between a child and a caregiver

_________ also suffer at the hands of abusive family members.

Children and the elderly

_____ are most likely to do the second shift work in the family. a. Children b. Men c. Women d. Grandparents

c

Homogamy means

"like marries like," and is demonstrated by the fact that we tend to choose mates who are similar to us in class, race, ethnicity, age, religion, education, and even levels of attractiveness.

Another form of child abuse

is incest

Structural functionalism

views the family as one of the basic institutions that keeps society running smoothly by providing functions such as producing and socializing children, economic production, instrumental and emotional support, and sexual control.

Elder abuse can include

violence and abuse, as well as financial exploitation, theft, neglect, and abandonment.

Life expectancy is increasing. What is happening to the elderly population?

About 10 percent of the elderly live below the poverty line. Care of the elderly is no longer a primary function of family: over 40 percent of senior citizens will spend time in a nursing home.

Stage three

Acute battering and violence occur, lasting for seconds, hours, or even days. The abuser blames the victim

An extended family is

a large group of relatives, usually including at least three generations living either in one household or in close proximity.

Men and women have always performed different roles to ensure the survival of their families, but these roles were not considered unequal until after the _____

Industrial Revolution

Abuse can be:

Physical Verbal Financial Sexual Psychological

Stage one

Relationship seems normal.

Increases have occurred in the numbers of:

Single people People who are cohabitating Single parents People who are living in intentional communities

Stage four

The abuser apologizes profusely and promises that it will never happen again.

Stage two

The victim "walks on eggshells" to avoid arguments

neglect

a form of child abuse in which the caregiver fails to provide adequate nutrition, sufficient clothing or shelter, or hygienic and safe living conditions

Consider the major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might note that the main role of the family is to socialize children? a. structural functionalism b. labeling theory c. symbolic interactionism d. conflict theory

a

A nuclear family

a heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single household.

Rates of domestic violence are

about equal across racial and ethnic groups, sexual orientations, and religious groups. People are more likely to be killed or attacked by family members than anyone else.

Conflict theorists

believe that society revolves around conflict over scarce resources, and that conflict within the family is also about the competition for resources: time, energy, and the leisure to pursue recreational activities.

Domestic violence

by far the most common form of family violence. It includes behaviors abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims.

What do sociologists call the situation when adults are called on to care for their elderly parents as well as their own children? a. second shift b. intentional community c. miscegenation d. sandwich generation

d

Mothers still ________ receive custody.

disproportionately

As of March 2002, the U.S. Census reported that more than 123 million persons were married while about 21 million were divorced. Research indicates that about 50 percent of all first marriages now end in ___________

divorce and most who divorce remarry

Women are more likely to suffer ______ after divorce, especially if they retain custody of their children.

downward economic mobility

Families adapting to the challenges of a postmodern society may create family structures that look very different from the "traditional" family and can include

ex-spouses, new partners and children, other kin, and even nonkin such as friends and coworkers.

Symbolic interactionists

examine the types of social dynamics and interactions that create and sustain families, emphasizing the ways that our experiences of family bonds are socially created rather than naturally existing.

Women are likely to experience upward economic mobility after divorce—true or false?

false

Children's experiences are shaped by

family size, birth order, presence or absence of parents, socioeconomic status, and other sociological variables. In turn, the presence of children affects the lives of parents.

The process of selecting mates is largely determined by society, and two concepts :

homogamy and propinquity

Many types of work (both paid and unpaid) are necessary to keep a family operating. These tasks can be either

instrumental or expressive.

cohabitating

living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple. About 5 percent of all households are occupied by couples who are cohabitating

Exogamy

marriage to someone from a different social group.

Endogamy

marriage to someone within one's social group (such as race, ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality).

Kin

relatives or relations, usually those related by common descent.

Expressive tasks

the emotional work necessary to support family members (such as remembering a relative's birthday or playing with the children).

Instrumental tasks

the practical physical tasks necessary to maintain family life (such as washing dishes and cutting grass).

Monogamy

the practice of marrying (or being in a relationship with) one person at a time, is still considered the only legal form of marriage in modern western culture.

From the time of slavery through the 1960s, many states had ANTIMISCEGENATION LAWS

the prohibition of interracial marriage, cohabitation, or sexual interaction

Propinquity

the tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity.

Propinquity, choosing to have relationships with people in close geographical proximity to us, is common in the United States—true or false?

true

The U.S. Census Bureau defines family as

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption living in the same household.

Child and elder abuse are likely to be _______, due in part to the relative powerlessness of the victims and the private settings of the abuse.

under reported

Second shift

unpaid labor inside the home that is often expected of women after they get home from working at paid labor outside the home