Chapter 12 International Air Transportation

Charter Airfreight Services

Charter services do not operate on a regular schedule and depend on demand, they fulfill emergency shipments of large parts, or operate on seasonal traffic, such as wine, flowers, or fruits

Damp Lease

Damp lease would be ACMI without the C.

Express Air Services

Express air services guarantee a pre-determined deliver date; the service is called "time-definite delivery," generally the next day or overnight

Leased Airfreight services

Freight can also travel in leased aircrafts. Leases are contracts between the owner of the aircraft and the user, and can take multiple forms. Leased aircrafts are used by carriers to reduce their capital costs, and to satisfy short-term demand fluctuations.

Where does a cargo aircraft carry cargo?

On the main deck

Types of Aircrafts

Passenger Aircrafts, Freighters, Combi Aircrafts, Quick-Change Aircrafts.

Open-sky agreement

Removing the limitation for the number of flights that each countries airlines can fly into the others territory. Essentially, an agreement between two countries, in which the airlines of one country are allowed to serve any of the other country's airports.

Air Cargo Security

Security concerns in the air freight industry are dominated by requirements similar to the ones put in place by the Transportation Safety Administration as well as Customs and Border Protection in the United States

International Civil Aviation Organization

The International Civil Aviation Organization is an agency of the United Nations. It designs and implements standards for international civil aviation practices regarding safety, security, and other operational issues.

International Air Transport Association

The international air transport association works with governments and airlines to ensure that goods move around the world easily as if they were traveling domestically

Airmail Services

The origin of air freight, air mail services still account for a small percentage of all shipments

ACMI Lease

The owner of the aircraft provides the airplane, crew, maintenance, and insurance to the lessee. The lessee has to cover all other costs, such as fuel and airport fees

Combi aircraft

type of airplane that is designed to carry both cargo and passengers at the same time on the main deck

Dry Lease

A lease agreement in which the owner of the aircraft provides only the airplane to the lessee, who is responsible for all other costs. (no ACMI)

Wet Lease

A lease agreement in which the owner of the aircraft provides the airplane, insurance, maintenance, fuel and flight crew. The lessee has to cover all other costs, such as airport fees. (ACMI included)

Scheduled Airfreight Services

Air freight is transported by airlines that operate on a regular schedule between two cities.

Advanced Manifest Rule

All cargo manifests must be sent to CBP at least four hours before the cargo is to arrive in the U.S

Certified Cargo Screening Program

All cargo shipped on the passenger aircraft must be 100 percent inspected prior to being loaded. Inspections must be conducted by Certified Cargo Screening Facilities.

Volume weight (dimensional weight)

An artificial weight, determined in function of the dimensions of a shipment, used by airlines to determine the tariff to be paid for a light shipment.

Freight Tarrifs

Based on the weight and volume of the cargo Airlines calculate freight charge two ways: 1) the weight of a shipment 2) The volume weight of a shipment, also called dimensional weight, that is calculated based upon the dimensions of a shipment.

Environmental Issues

Because of their heavy reliance on fossil fuels, airlines and aircraft manufacturers have been active in reducing the carbon footprint of the industry. IATA and ICAO have been involved in those efforts as well. Progress on noise reduction has also been made in the last two decades. Still, some airports close at night to reduce the impact of air traffic on the populations living near airports. This affects cargo transport substantially, since most of the airfreighted traffic takes place at night. Some freight traffic is therefore diverted to secondary airports.

where does a Combi aircraft carry cargo

A combo aircraft carries both cargo and passengers on the main deck

Roller deck

A deck designed to carry cargo, and equipped with roller and bearing that allow the cargo to be moved in any direction without much friction.

Where does a passenger aircraft carry its freight?

a passenger aircraft carries its freight in its belly in the lower deck.

Passenger Aircraft

a passenger aircraft such as the airbus 380 is designed to carry passengers on the main necks of the aircraft