Chapter 12

Tony has been drinking heavily at the bar and is drunk. Before going home, his friends give him a big cup of strong black coffee. After drinking the coffee, Tony can expect

B. the effects of alcohol to possibly worsen

Which of the following has the weakest stimulatory effect?

B. theobromine

The "gin epidemic" in England is considered to have been moderated by the popularity of

A. coffee houses

Xanthine-based medications are prescribed for the treatment of

A. congestive heart failure

Symptoms of caffeinism can resemble symptoms of a

A. heart attack

Adenosine is a(n) ___ neurotransmitter.

A. inhibitory

Theophyline is a preferred antiasthma medication to caffeine because

A. it has a stronger bronchodialting effect

Chocolate liquor is made up of

A. melted cocoa butter

The elimination half-life of caffeine in newborns is longer than adults because

A. newborns lack the enzyme that breaks down caffeine

Polyphenols are

A. plentiful in green tea and, to a lesser degree, black or pekoe tea

The major component of cocoa butter is a fatty acid called

A. stearic acid

Analogy: Coffee is to caffeine as

A. tea is to theophylline and caffeine

A one-ounce piece of milk chocolate contains about ___ milligrams of caffeine and a quantity of 44 mg of __.

B. 6; theobromine

Which of the following nations is a leading exporter of cocoa beans to the United States?

B. Indonesia

Some anitasthma medications contain a combination of theophyline and

B. a compound that helps theophyline absorption

Adenosine is

B. a inhibitory neurotransmitter

The individual most likely to be kept from going to sleep after ingesting caffeine would be

B. a nondrinker of coffee

Once chocolate liquor hardens, cocoa butter is removed by

B. a screw process

The DSM-IV TR manual recognizes caffeinism-like symptoms under this term.

B. acyte caffeine intoxication

Headaches caused by caffeine withdrawal occur due to

B. an increase in blood flow to the head

In effect, xanthines produce effects that

B. are the opposite from the effects of adenosine

The stimulating effect is approximately the same with equal amounts of

B. caffeine and theophyline

The clearest example of tolerance to the effect of caffeine is observed with respect to

B. cardiovascular responses

It is possible that research linking caffeine to heart disease in heavy coffee drinkers may actually not be due to caffeine, but rather due to

B. cigarette smoking

During the 1700s, __ helped moderate the widespread drunkenness in England.

B. coffee houses

Since 2001, the fastest growing segment of the soft drink market has been

B. colas or noncolas with a high level of caffeine

Chinese records indicate that the discoverer of tea was the same individual who

B. discovered ephedrine and marijuana

Mountain Dew is an example of

B. highly caffeinated noncola

Coffee houses in the 18th-century England were popular with

B. intellectuals

Women in late stages of pregnancy eliminate caffeine from their systems

B. more slowly than normal

Before the end of the 19th century the Chinese traded their tea with the British in exchange for

B. opium

By the standard if historical records, the world's oldest caffeine-containing beverage is

B. tea

Which of the following nations is a major importer of coffee?

D. United States

All of the following effects are observed as a result of caffeine withdrawal EXCEPT for

D. a tingling in the fingers

Robusta beans

D. all of the above

The ingestion of highly caffeinated energy drinks as mixers with alcohol

D. all of the above

According to the text, polyphenols may help prevent

D. all of the above (certain forms of cancer, heart disease, inflammatory disease)

Which of the following people would most benefit from a caffeine-free diet?

D. all of the above (pregnant women, those with a history of panic attacks, the elderly)

Coffee consumption began to dominate over tea consumption in the early history of the United States largely because

D. anti-British sentiment was associated with tea-drinking

Based upon current research, there is no association between caffeine and

D. bot A and B (the appearance of fibrocystic lesions, the development of infertility in women)

Analogy: Cocoa bean pods are to chocolate as coca leaves are to

D. cocaine

Most often, ___beans are used in the production of decaffeinated coffee.

D. coffea robusta

Adenosine produces all of the following effects excpet

D. dilation of bronchial passageways

Strangely enough, xanthines act upon plants as a natural

D. insecticide

Caffeine's effect on the urinary excretion of calcium increases the risk of

D. osteoporosis in the elderly

Which of the following condition has NOT been treated using caffeine?

D. panic attacks

Which of the following is NOT a natural source of caffeine?

D. sugar

The most striking cases in which caffeine improves performance are in tasks

D. that are boring and repetitive

The first recorded use of coffee beans came from

D. the Arab world

The primary method for decaffeination today is

D. the water method

The original coffee bean plant, as far as Westerners are concerned, is called

A. Coffea arabica

The first European to be introduce to chocolate was

A. Hernando Cortes

Which of two nations are the top tea consumers in the world?

A. Ireland and Great Britain

An example of a caffeinated noncola soft drink is

A. Mountain Dew

___ is the nation with the world's highest per capita consumption of soft-drinks.

A. The United States

___ constitute the family of stimulant compounds in which caffeine belongs.

A. Xanthines

According to the text, caffeine is a(n)___ inhibitor.

A. adenosine

Coffee became the American national drink in the 19th century especially after 1830 because

A. alcohol consumption was on the decline

Three to seven hours after drinking coffee

A. approximately half of it still remains in the bloodstream

In general, what is NOT affected by the ingestion of caffeine?

A. behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication

Fibrocystic lesions are

A. benign lumps in the breasts

The xanthine content in coffee includes

A. caffeine only

Milton Hershey decided in 1903 to build his famous chocolate factory in

A. central Pennsylvania

Milk chocolate is made by combining

A. cocoa butter, cocoa liquor, milk, sugar, and vanilla

Approximately 70 percent of the world's coffee production comes from

A. coffea arabica

The caffeine content of a five-ounce cup of coffee is in the neighborhood of ___ milligrams, with instant coffee having___.

B. 100; less

Caffeine levels peak in the bloodstream in ___ hour(s), and reactions in the central nervous system peak in about ___ hour(s).

B. 1; 2

The lethal dose of caffeine in the adult ranges from

B. 5,000 to 10,000 milligrams

The lowest dose of caffeine on record that has been fatal in an adult human is

C. 3,200 mg

Caffeine from a cup of coffee or tea is absorbed

C. 30 to 60 minutes after drinking

The tea plant is referred to as

C. Camellia sinensis

Brazil is the source of

C. Coffea arabica and coffea robusta

Iced tea was introduced to the United States at the___.

C. Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904

The nation having the highest per capita chocolate consumption is (are)

C. Switzerland

According to the text, which of the following has the most caffeine content?

C. Twinning's English Breakfast tea

The first application of coffee beans was as

C. a stimulant

Caffeine in caffeinated soft drinks is

C. added by the manufacturer during production

Today's teas are dominated by commercial blends of

C. black tea leaves from India and Sri Lanka

Cocoa butter can separate from a milk chocolate mixture

C. but it is safe to eat

Hip fractures among the elderly are increased in frequency as a result of

C. caffeine intake from coffee or tea

Tolerance caffeine can generally be observed in terms of

C. cardiovascular changes

The effects of caffeine on the brain begin at the level of the

C. cerebral cortex

After 1830, as alcohol consumption ___, coffee consumption___.

C. decreased; increased

Eighty percent of the tea consumed in the United States is

C. iced tea

Typical doses of caffeine can sometimes be disruptive to users

C. in tasks that require motor coordination

The phrase. "a cup of java", comes from the fact that

C. java was the original source for the Robusta species of coffee bean

Currently, caffeine consumption is suspected to be linked to

C. low birthweight and miscarriage

Over-the-counter caffeine medications sold as stimulants contain caffeine levels roughly equivalent to

C. one-third cup to two cups of regular coffee

Caffeine increases the risk of Parkinson's disease in

C. post-menopausal women taking replacement estrogen

The current per capita consumption of coffee in the United States

C. ranks below most European countries

The major difference between chocolate preparations made by Aztecs in 1500 and chocolate preparations made by Europeans in 1800 was the addition of

C. sugar

Tolerance effect for caffeine can be observed with dosage levels as low as 100 milligrams when

C. the coffee drinkers are in the laboratory

Xanthine-based medication are effective in treating asthma because

C. they dilate bronchial passageways

An increases risk of cardiovascular disease due to caffeine consumption is more likely

C. when consumption levels are very high

The best way of describing caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline is as

C. xanthines

The total xanthine content of a one-ounce piece of chocolate is roughly equivalent to

D. 10 milligrams of caffeine

Smokers eliminate caffeine ___ percent faster than non-smokers.

D. 100

While it may be observed at a lower dose level, caffeinism is most frequently observed with a dosage of

D. 1000 milligrams

A five-ounce cup of medium brewed tea contains approximately __ milligrams of caffeine with a __ amount of theophyline.

D. 60; relatively smaller

Analogy: Tea is to China as coffee is to

D. Arabia