Chapter 12

An allergy is caused by a hypersensitive response from which system? A. Digestive B. Central nervous C. Respiratory D. Immune

D

Bacitracin is an antibiotic with which spectra of activity? A. Selective B. Broad C. Visible D. Narrow

D

Nephrotoxic drugs are toxic to which of the following? A. Gastrointestinal tract B. Liver C. Blood-forming tissue D. Kidneys

D

Tetracycline is an example of which type of drug? A. Limited spectrum B. Narrow spectrum C. Visible spectrum D. Broad spectrum

D

he ending -floxacin is used for which category of drugs? A. Synthetic drugs B . Aminoglycosides C. Tetracyclines D. Quinolones

D

Bacitracin is an antibiotic with which spectra of activity? A. Selective B. Visible C. Broad D. Narrow

D.

The tolerance of an antimicrobial agent at a level which would normally be inhibitory is called which of the following? A. Drug resistance B. Synergism C. Molecular rebound D. Competitive exclusion

A

Which "formation" is produced by some microbes which in turn makes them resistant to some antimicrobial compounds and the shear force of moving liquids? A. Biofilm B. Fimbriae C. Capsule D. L-form

A

Which of the following is a substance produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or kill other microorganisms? A. Antibiotic B. Antithesis C. Antibody D. Antigen

A

chemotherapy is the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infections and diseases caused by many types of microorganisms

Antimicrobial

Approximately what percent of infections involve biofilms? A. 80% B. 60% C. 40% D. 20%

B

Identify the first tetracycline discovered. A. Tetracycline B. Aureomycin C. Chloramphenicol D. Terramycin

B

Which two semisynthetic penicillins can be used against Gram-negative bacteria? A. Nafcillin B. Ampicillin C. Amoxicillin D. Dicloxacillin

B, C

When these two drugs are used in combination nephrotoxic effects are increased. A. Polyenes B. Aminoglycosides C. Macrolides D. Cephalosporins

B, D

Which term describes the process of some microbes dying while others live in the presence of antimicrobial agents?

Natural selection

Drug resistance occurs with spontaneous or gene transfer from another species.

mutations

An antibiotic that is only effective against a limited array of different microbes is called a(n) spectrum antibiotic.

narrow

The tetracyclines bind to which of the following structures?

ribosomes

The cell walls of most bacteria are composed primarily of which of the following? A. Peptidoglycan B. Cellulose C. Chitin D. Starch E. Lipopolysaccharide

A

Which of the following are the three factors that should be known before selecting an antimicrobial drug? A. The overall health of the patient B. The nature of the infecting agent C. The sensitivity of the infecting agent D. The prevalence of the infecting agent in the community E. The patient's prior history of exposure to the infecting agent

A, B, C

Which of the following are side effects associated with antimicrobial drugs? A. Allergic reactions B. Damage to host tissues due to toxicity C. Disruption of normal microflora D. Host cell metabolism of drug

A,B,C

What is the overall goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy? A. To provide the patient with immunity against future infections by the microbe B. To boost the patients immune response in order to destroy the infective agent C. To destroy the infective agent without harming the patient

C

Which of the following structures in bacteria protect the cell from lysis (rupture) in hypotonic environments? A. Glycocalyx B, Nucleoid C. Fimbriae D. Cell membrane E. Cell wall

E

An antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of microbial types is called a(n) spectrum antibiotic.

broad

penicillins are drugs that, after being naturally produced by bacteria, are chemically modified in the laboratory.

semisynthetic

Amphotericin B is one of the few drugs that can be injected to treat fungal infections such as cryptococcus meningitis.

systemic

Synercid binds to ribosomes inhibiting the process of .

translation

True or false: Microorganisms that produce antibiotics in their natural habitat may have a selective advantage over neighboring microbes.

true