IS 300: Midterm 1
goal seek
A what-if analysis tool that finds the input needed in one cell to arrive at the desired result in another cell.
Web design boxes
All webpages have a box-based layout. Whole page is a box including many boxes
solver
An add-in application that manipulates variables based on constraints to find the optimal solution to a problem.
B2B
BSales of goods and services to other businesses (ex: Alibaba)
Web design: Styles
Boxes and elements can be stylized/configured for different appearances. A parent's styles cascade down to the children until overridden (ie size, spacing, background, font, effects)
CPU
Central Processing Unit = small computer chip = brain of the computer dictates power and speed of your computer
Benefits of outsourcing
Cost saving, faster, better quality, increasing ability to focus on core business (opp cost)
Relational Databases
Database technology involving tables (relations) representing entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships. Makes lists easier to manage and scale
referential inegrity
Every value of a foreign key must match a value of an existing primary key Ex: if ID 007 matched with 123, 123 should be a department in the department relation
FV
Future Value of an investment. =FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type]
Transection based service
Has best price, speed, etc
CRM
Helps firms manage relationship with customers. The demand side. benefits: increases customer satisfaction, reduced direct-marketing costs, more effective marketing.
HTML Paragraph Center alignment Headers insert an image
Hypertext Markup Language <center><h2><p> Paragraph </p></h2></center> <img src="http://bebcbc.jpg"> </img>
Variation in ROI of IT
IT itself does not guarantee good returns; must be accompanied by complementary assets
Digital market
Low entry barriers Clear definition of business model w/ target market
SCM
Manages supply/inputs. Plan, source, make, deliver, and return. Manage logistics, track status of order, etc.
NFC
Near field communication: a type of mobile payment system (ie Apple Pay, Google Pay, etc)
P2P
Peer to Peer Payment system (ex: Venmo)
Relative/Absolute references
Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell Absolute references remain constant no matter where they are copied A$2
B2C
Retailing of products and services directly to customers (ex: amazon)
RANDBETWEEN
Returns a random integer number (no decimals) between the user-specified numbers
SDLC/ADLC
Software development life cycle: describes the process of software creation Application development life cycle: explains how professional IT companies make apps
POS
System that charges the customer for the sale (register, scanner, etc) - transitioned from cash to card to mobile payment systems
Hard drive
The primary storage component of a computer which holds all software and data. (memory of computer)
Business Processes
The unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce a product or service.
How is e-Commerce different than in person commerce?
Ubiquity: can take place anywhere Global reach Low entry barriers personalization/customization
properties of information goods
Varied marketing/inventory/delivery costs Information-based Big fixed cost Easy versioning and pricing Small/negligible variable cost
primary key
a candidate key that us chosen as the key the DBMS will use to uniquely identify each record in a relation
website
a collection of webpages
Web design classes
a layout of unique combinations of styles that can be quickly applied to different boxes
SQL
a programming language for storing and processing information in a relational database
DBMS
a software for creating and managing databases.
Web design tree - Div block
ad hoc boxes to group elements/other boxes together
Scenario Summary
an excel table that compiles data from various scenarios so that you can view the scenario results next to each other for easy comparison.
e-tailer
an online retail store for goods (Amazon)
DSS
analyzes data to compile information that can be used to solve problems - helps with decision making and focuses on how things should be. heavier on data, works with MIS Ex: Voyage-Estimating system
computer
any device that helps you compute/analyze data
KM
any system that stores and retrieves knowledge to improve collaboration and understanding (ex: ERP)
Web design tree: Grid and column
arrange boxes by rows/columns
Web design tree
boxes and elements form a tree/hierarchy - a box is the parent of the boxes in it
m-commerce
buying/selling goods through phones. M-Commerce gives a lot more user data: location, heading, speed, transportation, events in the area, etc Examples: mobile advertising market (google, facebook, etc), games and entertainment
PROPER
capitalizes the first letter in a text string =PROPER(text) ex: bello =PROPER(A4) Bello
Web design tree - section
chapters of a book. Take the full width of page and stack on top of each other
TPS
collects and stores data (typically in a database) regarding an organization's daily transactions. (ex: payroll, online ordering menu)
Foreign Key
combination of two keys/columns
output devices
communication of the computer - monitor, printer, speaker
ESS
computer system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business (payroll, gives the dashboard view)
Main outsourcing industries
consumer and industrial products, financial technologies and insurance, and technology media
UPPER/LOWER
converts text to upper/lower case =UPPER(A2)
ERP Benefits
creates a database that is one language, quality and efficiency, cost saving and agility(breaks down many former departmental walls - ex: Zara)
Advantages of regular shopping
customer reaction/attitude, invisible transaction costs, low delayed gratification
Globalization
describes how trade and technology has made the world into a more connected and interdependent place ("the earth is flat")
ERP challenges
difficult to build, complex technology, not the best structure for every firm
LEFT/RIGHT
extracts a specific number of characters from a text string's left or right side
transaction broker
facilitates online transactions, business to consumer (Expedia)
Machine Learning
feeding data into a computer, asking computer to come up with an algorithm in which the data will generate the output (ex: spam emails, hacking, and face recognition are results of machine learning)
FIND
finds one text string within a text string, and return the number of the starting position of the first character FIND(find_text, within_text,[start_number) example: mckenna =FIND("m", A2) result: 1
MAX/MIN
finds the highest/lowest number in a range
row
horizontal. rows contain data about an entity row = record = tuple rrt rightttt
C2C
individuals using the web for private sales or exchange (ex: eBay)
digital/information goods
information based goods (movies, music, books, etc). Goods that can be delivered over a digital network. Cost of producing first unit is almost entire cost of product. Marketing costs stay the same
crowdsourcing
inviting broad communities of people - customers, employees, independent scientists and researchers, and even the public at large - into the new product innovation process. Asking the crowd to solve a problem for you. examples: reviews: Yelp Information: Wikipedia Entertainment: Youtube
&
lets you join two text strings of text = A1 & B1
ERP
makes sure the information between each system in the company gets connected and organized together - cross-function system
Outsourcing/Offshoring
obtain (goods or a service) from an outside or foreign supplier, especially in place of an internal source.
webpage
one document in html
Complementary Assets
organizational, managerial, social. the combination of numerous resources and assets that enable a firm to gain a competitive advantage. Different assets have different effects when combined with other assets.
3 dimension of IS
organizations, technology, management
CIO
oversees all uses of IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives
market creator
provides a trading platform for individuals and firms (eBay)
community provider
provides an online community to focused groups (Facebook)
content provider
provides digital content (ESPN)
service provider
provides online services, including search service (flickr, PayPal)
Effect of the internet on the marketplace
reduces information asymmetry, flexible, delays gratification, increases market segmentation, strong network effect, more disintermedition
disintermediation
reducing the use of intermediaries (butting out the middle man)
the leavitt diamond
relates a firm's IT use to its business processes, organizational form, and requisite people skills
RAND
returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1 RAND()
Web design tree - Body
root level of the hierarchy
unsupervised learning:
same procedures as used with supervised learning, but humans do not provide examples
Web design tree - Container
sets margins for better readability
IT
studies technology and the management & process of information
MIS
summarizes TPS information and reorganizes it in a more meaningful way. provide middle managers with reports on the organizations current performance (ex: balance sheets)
IS
system that collects and processes data/info & provides it to managers at all levels for decision making, planning, program implementation, and control
supervised learning
system trained by providing examples of desired inputs and outputs by humans in advance (ie used to develop autonomous vehicles
input devices
the "senses" of the computer - mouse, keyboard, microphone, etc
Web design tree: Element
the "substance" of the webpage (paragraphs, headings, pictures, videos, etc)
AI
the intelligence of machines or software
motherboard
the main circuit board of the computer - the backbone
Normalization
the process of breaking a table/relation with more than one theme into a set of tables such that each only has one theme
Pivot Table
tool used to create summary tables.
e-commerce
type of e-business; buying and selling goods and services over the internet
relationship based service
unique, personal service, selling the experience. May be firms that cannot compete with bigger competitor prices like Amazon, so sells personality instead (ie Starbucks)
VLOOKUP
use when you need to find things in a table or a range by row Ex: find an employee name based on their employee ID =VLOOKUP(What you want to look up, where you want to look for it, the column number in the range containing the value to return, 0)
e-business
using technology to execute major business processes in the enterprise
column
vertical columns contain data about attributes of an entity column = field = attribute cfa CHICKFILA
outsourcing
when a business delegates its supply chain management to an external firm in Asia on a contractual basis
Characteristics of a relation
1. Rows contain data about an entity 2. Columns contain data about attributes of the entity 3. Cells of the table hold a single value 4. All entries in a column are of the same kind 5. Each column has a unique name 6. The order of the columns is unimportant 7. The order of the rows is unimportant 8. No two rows may be identical
TODAY
=today() gives you today's date
Relation
A 2-D table that has specific characteristics Relation = table = file
Client-Server
A relationship in which one program, the client, requests a service or resource from another program, the server (ie email)