Chapter 12: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true? A. Meiosis II resembles mitosis. B. Chromatids are present only in mitosis. C. Both processes result in four cells. D. Pairing of homologous occurs in both. E. Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II.

A. Meiosis II resembles mitosis.

Kaguya is the first mouse created from the fusion of two egg cells in a test tube. A. True B. False

A. True

These organisms are a result of both mitosis and meiosis. A. True B. False

A. True

The essence of meiosis is that A. each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes, and haploid gametes are formed. B. each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. C.haploid gametes are formed. D. diploid gametes are formed. E. gametes receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.

A. each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes, and haploid gametes are formed.

During this phase, homologues separate.

Anaphase I

During this stage, the sister chromatids begin to separate.

Anaphase II

There are ___ molecules of DNA in a developing human sperm cell at the beginning of prophase I. A. 32 B. 92 C. twice as many (as compared to mature sperm) D. 46 E. half as many (as compared to somatic cells)

B. 92

There are a few all-female species of fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A. True B. False

B. False

Chromatids are A. attached at the centriole. B. attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs. C. attached at their centromeres. D. a pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. E. identical until crossing over occurs.

B. attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs

Which of the following is NOT true of human chromosomes? A. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes. B. The diploid number is 46, C. Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes. D. The haploid number is 23. E. Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23 chromosomes.

C. Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes.

Polar bodies A. have no known biological function. B. are produced by meiosis. C. all of these are true EXCEPT "will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg." D. will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg E. are dumping places for excess genetic material.

C. all of these are true EXCEPT "will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg."

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of sexual reproduction? A. It is adaptive in co-evolution situations. B. It offers an alternative adaptation in a changing environment. C. It yields offspring with novel combinations of traits. D. The genetic variation it provides may be useful in the future. E. Half of a parent's genome is passed on.

E. Half of a parent's genome is passed on.

If a child mare strongly resembles one parent's physical traits than the other parent's, the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during A. metaphase II. B. prophase II. C. anaphase II. D. telophase I. E. anaphase I.

E. anaphase I.

IN the generalized illustration of gametogenesis, the four cells in the right column should be labeled A. sperm B. secondary spermatocytes C. diploid D. eggs E. ovum and three polar bodies

E. ovum and three polar bodies

Which of the following cells is NOT haploid? A. sperm B. secondary spermatocyte C. polar bodies D. spermatids E. primary oocyte

E. primary oocyte

New genetic combinations upon which natural selection can act are present after this stage.

Prophase I

Pairing of homologues occurs during this stage

Prophase I

Recombination via crossing over occurs during this stage

Prophase I

By the end of this phase, the number of homologous chromosomes is reduced in half.

Prophase II

Following this phase, each individual cell is haploid.

Telophase I

Chromosomes segregation in metaphasae I refers to which of the following statements? A. The sperm that fertilizes the egg is selected at random. B. None of these refer to independent assortment. C. The position where crossing over occurs is random. D. Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle pole. E. The pole that any one chromosome moves toward is completely independent of the movement of the other 45 chromosomes in humans.

D. Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle pole.

Which of the following does NOT produce variation? A. genetic recombination of alleles B. random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis C. crossing over D. asexual reproduction E. sexual reproduction

D. asexual reproduction

The figure below represents... A. maternal (mom's) chromosomes that are identical. B. paternal (pop's) chromosomes that are identical. C. individual genes from an asexual worm. D. both maternal and paternal chromosomes. E. non of these.

D. both maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because A. all of these reasons are true. B. the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter call must be halved. C. homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells. D. it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes. E. homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells.

D. it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes.

Duplicated chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids? A. mother B. homologous C. daughter D. sister E. haploid

D. sister