Chapter 12: Moral Reasoning and Moral Development

At about __________ year(s) of age, children first become aware that people impose demands on them and that they are not entirely free to behave as they wish.

1

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding aggression and children?

Aggressive behavior is more common among children living in economically advantaged areas than among children living in poverty.

Who is in Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning?

Linda, whose moral reasoning is based on the approval of other people

Which of the following children is LEAST likely to engage in prosocial behavior?

Most successful a -Trilobite -Grasshopper

Which of the following statements concerning Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is TRUE?

The stages occur in an invariant sequence.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the family impacts aggressive behavior?

When parents monitor their children's behavior, this is associated with more frequent aggression.

William is an aggressive child. Chad is NOT an aggressive child. Which of the following would you expect to find?

William is more likely than Chad to be accused of misbehaviors, even when he is behaving appropriately

Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's theory for

applying more to men than to women.

Research suggests that children who are highly aggressive

are more likely than less aggressive children to commit criminal offenses when they get older.

Studies link children's prosocial behavior to several parental behaviors. Which of the following factors is associated with the LEAST amount of prosocial behavior in children?

parents who use physical punishment rather than reasoning to discipline their children

Which of the following does Carol Gilligan believe forms the basis of moral reasoning in women?

responsibility and care

At which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning is reasoning governed by personal, moral principles?

postconventional level

Michael decided that hugging his grandmother was a good thing to do, because every time he did, she gave him a piece of candy. Michael is in Kohlberg's __________ level of moral reasoning.

preconventional

A child who judges whether an act is good in terms of the physical consequences of reward and punishment is reasoning at which of Kohlberg's levels?

preconventional level

Actions that benefit others are called __________ behaviors.

prosocial

Heather really wanted to eat a piece of candy, but her mother had told her not to eat anything before dinner so she didn't. Heather's ability to resist the temptation to eat the candy shows

self-control

Preschoolers

show limited altruistic behavior because they don't always know what they can do to help others.

Rebecca responded to the Heinz dilemma by saying "Heinz shouldn't steal the drug because stealing is against the law and our society has to outlaw theft in order to be a good place to live." Rebecca is in Kohlberg's __________ stage of moral reasoning.

social system morality

According to research, which of the following best describes self-control?

stable over time