Chapter 12: Muscular Analysis of Selected Exercises and Related Concepts

Identify an accurate statement about the SAID (Specific Adaptations to imposed Demands) principle.

It is applicable in every form of muscle training.

During triceps extension exercise, both the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle muscles ___

contract isometrically to stabilize the area.

Depending on the activity, aggregate muscle groups can function to control the exact opposite actions by ____.

contracting eccentrically

An exercise technique called _____ is a type of muscular activity in which there is contraction of muscle groups with little or no muscle shortening.

isometric

During arm curl exercise, many of the muscles of both the shoulder and the shoulder girdle are ___

isometrically acting as stabilizers

During arm curl exercise, any of the muscles of both the shoulder and the shoulder girdle are ___.

isometrically acting as stabilizers.

In ___, a participant lies in a prone position, facedown, with the shoulders fully flexed in a relaxed position lying in front of the body. The head, upper trunk, right upper extremity, and left lower extremity are raised from the floor.

Alternating prone extensions

Strengthening exercises, such as bench press, overhead press, and biceps curl, concentrate primarily on the muscles of the ____.

Anterior upper extremity.

What is the first movement for analysis in the rowing exercise?

Arm pull to chest/leg push to extend knees and hip phase

In the ___ exercise, the participant begins in hip/knee flexed and ankle dorsiflexed position, keeping the arms, legs, and back straight, and grasps the barbell on the floor. Then a movement to the standing position is made by extending the hips.

Dead lift

The ___ principle states that the body will gradually, over time, adapt very specifically to the various stresses and overloads to which it is subjected.

SAID (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands)

In the context of the chin-up exercise, identify the true statements about how the width of the grip on the chin-up bar affects the shoulder actions. (Check all that apply.)

A narrow grip allows for more flexion A wider grip requires more adduction.

In the context of latissimus pull exercises, identify the true statements about how the width of the one grip on the horizontal bar affects the shoulder actions. (Check all that apply.)

A narrow grip allows for more glenohumeral extension A wider grip requires more abduction.

In the ___ ___ exercise, the participant contracts the muscles in the anterior abdominal region as strongly as possible, with no movement of the trunk or hips.

Abdominal Contraction

True or false: In the abdominal contraction exercise, the shorter the contraction in seconds, the more valuable the exercise will be.

False

The chest press exercise is also known as the ___

Bench press

Match the following joints involved in abdominal curl ups ( in the left column) with the actions they perform during the rotating to right/left phase. (In the right column.)

Cervical spine - maintenance of cervical flexion Trunk - Right lumbar rotation Hip - Maintenance of hip flexion

In the ___ exercise, the subject grasps a horizontal bar with the palms away from the face, and from a hanging position on the bar, the subject pulls up until the chin is over the bar and then returns to the starting position.

Chin up

Which of the following actions is performed by the knee, hip, trunk, and shoulder joints during the arm pull/leg push phase of the rowing exercise?

Extension

During dead lift exercise, what is the action performed by the wrist and hand joints?

Flexion

What would happen if the prime focus on one's strengthening exercises is just on bench press, overhead press, and biceps curl?

It can lead to an overdevelopment of anterior upper extremity muscles.

Identify the true statements about the Valsalva maneuver. (Check all that apply.)

It causes a dramatic increase in blood pressure followed by an equally dramatic drop in blood pressure. It can cause lightheadedness and fainting

Identify an accurate statement about the stance phase of the movements involved in sport skills.

It is a relatively static phase involving fairly short ranges of motion.

Identify an accurate statement about the push-up exercise.

It is a total body exercise.

During the ___ exercise, the subject reaches up and grasps a horizontal bar from a sitting position, pulls down the bar to a position below the chin and then returns the bar slowly to the starting position.

Latissimus pull

What is the first phase for analysis in dead lift exercise?

Lifting phase to the hip extended/knee extended position

What is the first phase for analysis in a squat exercise?

Lowering phase to the squatted position

During dead lift exercise, what is the action performed by the trunk joint?

Maintenance of extension

Identify a true statement about open kinetic chain activities.

Motion at one joint does not require motion at other joints in the chain.

Dumbbell bent-over row is also referred to as ___>

Prone row

Which of the following is accomplished by exhaling against a closed epiglottis?

The Valsalva maneuver

Which of the following statements is true in the context of the overload principle?

The amount of overload must be adjusted to match the specific needs of the individual.

Match the two phases of the rowing exercise (in the left column) with the corresponding actions performed by the foot and ankle joints during these phases (in the right column). Instructions

The return phase to starting position - Dorsiflexion The arm pull/leg push phase - Plantar Flexion

The abdominal curl up exercise is divided into four phases for analysis. Identify the second phase.

The rotating to right/left phase

Match the joints involved in alternating prone extensions (in the left column) with the actions performed during the lowering phase to relaxed position (in the right column).

The shoulder - Extension The shoulder girdle - Abduction The trunk and the hip - Flexion

Match the joints involved in alternating prone extensions (in the left column) with the actions performed during the lifting phase to raise upper and lower extremities (in the right column).

The shoulder - Flexion The shoulder girdle - Adduction The trunk and the hip - Extension

Identify an accurate statement about isometric exercises.

They are an effective way to build and maintain muscular strength in a limited range of motion.

Identify a true statement about alternating prone extensions.

They involve a lifting phase to raise the right upper extremity off the surface and raise the left lower extremity off the floor.

True or false: IN barbell press exercise, the barbell is held in a position high in front of the chest, with palms facing forward, feet comfortably straight, and back and legs straight. from this position, the barbell is pushed upward until fully overhead, and then it is returned to the starting position.

True

True or false: In barbell press exercise, the barbell is held in a position high in front of the chest, with palms facing forward, feet comfortably straight, and back and legs straight. From this position, the barbell is pushed upward until fully overhead, and then it is returned to the starting position.

True

True or false: The specific needs of an individual must be addressed when designing an exercise program.

True

During the ___ exercise, the participant performs trunk flexion up to a curl-up position, rotates the trunk to the right and points the left elbow toward the anterior right pelvis, and then returns to the starting position.

abdominal curl up

Muscles are usually grouped according to their concentric function and work in paired opposition to an antagonistic group. This is known as ___ ____ grouping.

aggregate muscle

In shoulder pull exercise, ___ are the muscle groups contracting to produce a movement.

agonists

In ___ exercise, the subject is in a standing position, the dumbbell is held in the hand with the palm to the front. The dumbbell is lifted until the elbow is completely flexed and then is returned to the starting position.

arm curl

In ___ exercise, the subject lies on the exercise bench in the supine position, grasps the barbell, and presses the weight upward through the full range of arm and shoulder movement.

chest press

During ___ exercise, the subject is kneeling on a bench so that the contralateral arm supports the body, and the involved arm holding the dumbbell is free from contact with the floor. The subject adducts the shoulder girdle and horizontal abducts the shoulder joint.

dumbbell bent-over row

During squat exercise, what is the action performed by the hip and knee in the "lifting phase to starting position" phase?

extension

In abdominal curl-ups, what is the action performed by the cervical spine, trunk, and hip during the return phase to starting position.

extension

In squat exercise, what is the action performed by the hip and knee in the lowering phase to squatted position?

flexion

The ___ principle states that, within appropriate parameters, a muscle or muscle group increases in strength in direct proportion to the overload placed on it.

overload

Barbell press is also referred to as ___.

military press

If the distal end of the extremity is not fixed to a relatively stable surface, the extremity represents a(n) ___ ___ chain.

open kinetic

During ___ exercise, the subject lies on the floor in a prone position with legs together and palms touching the floor. Keeping the back and legs straight, the subject pushes up to the up position and then returns to the starting position.

push - up

In the _____ exercise, the participant sits on a movable seat with the knees and hips flexed close to the chest. The arms are reaching forward to grasp a horizontal bar. The legs are extended forcibly as the arms are pulled toward the chest. Then the legs and arms are returned to the starting position.

rowing

In ___ exercise, in a standing or sitting position, the subject interlocks the fingers in front of the chest and then attempts to pull them apart and maintains this contraction for 5 to 20 seconds.

shoulder pull

The components of physical fitness are ___

specific to each body area and muscle group.

During ___, the participant places a barbell on the shoulders behind the neck and grasps it with the palms facing forward. The participant squats down, flexing the hips while keeping the spine in normal alignment, until the thighs are parallel to the floor.

squatting

Due to the minimal amount of movement in the --- phase of the movements involved in sport skills, the majority of the joint position maintenance throughout the body will be accomplished trough isometric contractions.

stance

In ___ exercise, the subject may use the opposite hand to assist in maintaining the arm in shoulder=flexed position. Then, grasping the dumbell and beginning in full elbow flexion, the subject extends the elbow until the arm and forearm are straight.

triceps extension