Chapter 12 Ocean

What is the general name for whales when they have grooves on their ventral surface?

roeguals

define gestation

the time of pregnancy

how is having more blood in a pinniped advantageous?

they have more oxygen to survive off of

mammals are placentals. What does that mean?

they retain the babies inside until they are ready to be born

What is the general name for cetaceans

whales

What is whale breaching?

when they completely leave the water in a jumping like motion.

Which whale type may have parasites in their inner ear that makes them beach themselves? is it baleen or toothed?

Pilot, toothed

How can you tell the difference between a porpoise and a dolphin? are these two toothed or baleen?

Porpoises have a rounded beak, toothed

sea otters do not have blubber they have...

a thick layer of fur

how does a toothed whale actually make a sound?

air is forced through the whale's nasal passage

Ceteceans have more ________ which holds more ________.

blood, oxygen

How do we know that whales were once 4 legged creatures?

early independence, 4 limbs

What process is like sonar in toothed whales?

echolocation

What is the function of the spermaceti organ in the sperm whale?

ecolocation

True or false: polar bears cannot swim

false

true or false: a sea otter gives birth to a pup in the water

false

why do cetaceans need a blowhole?

for breathing

Where does the brain get its information from?

inner ear

which gender of pinnipeds has tusks?

males

which gender has the proboscis and why?

males, to attract mates

What's the "S" word for the sea mermaids?

sirenians

What is the purpose of the IWC?

to limit and regulate whaling

how many cubs are born to a polar bear?

2

Where are polar bears found?

Arctic Region

which type of sea lion is the best known because it is used in the circus?

California seal lion

true or false the metabolism and heart rate increases when whales dive

FALSE

What comes from the digestive system of sperm whales that is used to make perfumes?

ambergris

Which whale is all white and looks like a marshmallow?

belugas

3 ways that polar bears are built for the cold weather

black skin, 4 inched of fat, dense layer of fur

how do whales stay warm?

blubber

What is the biggest threat to manatees?

boat propellors

what two things do we know about the forelimbs of true seal?

closer to the head

if the nitrogen cannot get into their blood, the whale will not get what sickness?

decompression sickness

which pinniped has a proboscis

elephant seal

Which pinniped is the largest

elephant seals

What is a proboscis?

enlarged nasal caviy

What two substances are in what milk that helps the calf to develop quickly?

fat and protein

how does echolocation help the whales?

finding objects

which seal the has babies that turn PURE WHITE after a few days?

harp seals

define homeothermic

having a constant warm, body temperature, the mothers feed their young with milk

How does human blood compare to whales blood?

human blood exchanges around 15% of the oxygen compared to the 85% of whales oxygen

What protein makes up the baleen?

keratin

What is the only whale type that will kill other whales?

killer whales

Which cetacean is the fastest one? is it toothed or baleen?

killer, toothed

about how long is the gestation period in pinnipeds?

less than one year

Once the object reflects the sounds, what part of the whale's body picks it up first?

lower jaw

Tail slapping of a whale indicates what 2 things?

marking positions, or aggressive behavior

what is the name of the waxy part of the foreheads that sends out the sound?

melon

what part of the pinniped body stores more oxygen than ours?

muscles

The baleen whales are known as the _______

mysticetes

Which pinniped dives the deepest and holds its breath the longest?

northern elephant seals, southern elephant seal

The toothed whales are known as the _________

odontocete

How many calves do whales have at a time?

one

what does a baleen whale eat?

plankton, especially krill

What do manatees and dugongs eat?

sea grasses

name the 2 types of eared seals

sea lions, fur seals

which 2 types lack external ears and have more streamlined bodies for swimming?

sealions and fur seals

Which four groups of animals are pinnipeds?

seals, sea lions, walruses, elephant seals

Why does metabolism and heart rare slow when pinnipeds are underwater?

so they can stay alive and use less oxygen

Which toothed whale is the largest?

sperm whale

Which whale is the largest of all animals? is it baleen or toothed

sperm whale, toothed

how do whales propel themselves through the water?

tails, and their flippers

What happened to make whaling increase?

technology

How is nitrogen prevented from going into the blood of a whale?

the pressure of the lungs is forced into airways where the gas exchange happens

Male narwhals were sought during the Middle Ages for what reason? is it toothed or baleen?

their tusks, and toothed

what happens to the lungs and rib cages of the whales during a dive?

they collapse

what is special about a "crabeater" seal

they do not eat crabs, they eat plankton

Why are the grey whales known as the mossback whales?

they have barnacles

What is SPECIAL about humpbacks?

they have enlarged pectoral fins

How does a pinniped stay warm?

thick layers of fat

why do the lungs and rib cages collapse?

to prevent them from breaking?

Why do whales spy-hop?

to survey their surroundings

Are the grey whales baleen or toothed?

toothed

Which group form pods?

toothed whales

Where do manatees and dugongs give birth?

underwater

which group need more food to maintan a relatively constant body temperature?

warm- blooded