Chapter 12 Ocean
What is the general name for whales when they have grooves on their ventral surface?
roeguals
define gestation
the time of pregnancy
how is having more blood in a pinniped advantageous?
they have more oxygen to survive off of
mammals are placentals. What does that mean?
they retain the babies inside until they are ready to be born
What is the general name for cetaceans
whales
What is whale breaching?
when they completely leave the water in a jumping like motion.
Which whale type may have parasites in their inner ear that makes them beach themselves? is it baleen or toothed?
Pilot, toothed
How can you tell the difference between a porpoise and a dolphin? are these two toothed or baleen?
Porpoises have a rounded beak, toothed
sea otters do not have blubber they have...
a thick layer of fur
how does a toothed whale actually make a sound?
air is forced through the whale's nasal passage
Ceteceans have more ________ which holds more ________.
blood, oxygen
How do we know that whales were once 4 legged creatures?
early independence, 4 limbs
What process is like sonar in toothed whales?
echolocation
What is the function of the spermaceti organ in the sperm whale?
ecolocation
True or false: polar bears cannot swim
false
true or false: a sea otter gives birth to a pup in the water
false
why do cetaceans need a blowhole?
for breathing
Where does the brain get its information from?
inner ear
which gender of pinnipeds has tusks?
males
which gender has the proboscis and why?
males, to attract mates
What's the "S" word for the sea mermaids?
sirenians
What is the purpose of the IWC?
to limit and regulate whaling
how many cubs are born to a polar bear?
2
Where are polar bears found?
Arctic Region
which type of sea lion is the best known because it is used in the circus?
California seal lion
true or false the metabolism and heart rate increases when whales dive
FALSE
What comes from the digestive system of sperm whales that is used to make perfumes?
ambergris
Which whale is all white and looks like a marshmallow?
belugas
3 ways that polar bears are built for the cold weather
black skin, 4 inched of fat, dense layer of fur
how do whales stay warm?
blubber
What is the biggest threat to manatees?
boat propellors
what two things do we know about the forelimbs of true seal?
closer to the head
if the nitrogen cannot get into their blood, the whale will not get what sickness?
decompression sickness
which pinniped has a proboscis
elephant seal
Which pinniped is the largest
elephant seals
What is a proboscis?
enlarged nasal caviy
What two substances are in what milk that helps the calf to develop quickly?
fat and protein
how does echolocation help the whales?
finding objects
which seal the has babies that turn PURE WHITE after a few days?
harp seals
define homeothermic
having a constant warm, body temperature, the mothers feed their young with milk
How does human blood compare to whales blood?
human blood exchanges around 15% of the oxygen compared to the 85% of whales oxygen
What protein makes up the baleen?
keratin
What is the only whale type that will kill other whales?
killer whales
Which cetacean is the fastest one? is it toothed or baleen?
killer, toothed
about how long is the gestation period in pinnipeds?
less than one year
Once the object reflects the sounds, what part of the whale's body picks it up first?
lower jaw
Tail slapping of a whale indicates what 2 things?
marking positions, or aggressive behavior
what is the name of the waxy part of the foreheads that sends out the sound?
melon
what part of the pinniped body stores more oxygen than ours?
muscles
The baleen whales are known as the _______
mysticetes
Which pinniped dives the deepest and holds its breath the longest?
northern elephant seals, southern elephant seal
The toothed whales are known as the _________
odontocete
How many calves do whales have at a time?
one
what does a baleen whale eat?
plankton, especially krill
What do manatees and dugongs eat?
sea grasses
name the 2 types of eared seals
sea lions, fur seals
which 2 types lack external ears and have more streamlined bodies for swimming?
sealions and fur seals
Which four groups of animals are pinnipeds?
seals, sea lions, walruses, elephant seals
Why does metabolism and heart rare slow when pinnipeds are underwater?
so they can stay alive and use less oxygen
Which toothed whale is the largest?
sperm whale
Which whale is the largest of all animals? is it baleen or toothed
sperm whale, toothed
how do whales propel themselves through the water?
tails, and their flippers
What happened to make whaling increase?
technology
How is nitrogen prevented from going into the blood of a whale?
the pressure of the lungs is forced into airways where the gas exchange happens
Male narwhals were sought during the Middle Ages for what reason? is it toothed or baleen?
their tusks, and toothed
what happens to the lungs and rib cages of the whales during a dive?
they collapse
what is special about a "crabeater" seal
they do not eat crabs, they eat plankton
Why are the grey whales known as the mossback whales?
they have barnacles
What is SPECIAL about humpbacks?
they have enlarged pectoral fins
How does a pinniped stay warm?
thick layers of fat
why do the lungs and rib cages collapse?
to prevent them from breaking?
Why do whales spy-hop?
to survey their surroundings
Are the grey whales baleen or toothed?
toothed
Which group form pods?
toothed whales
Where do manatees and dugongs give birth?
underwater
which group need more food to maintan a relatively constant body temperature?
warm- blooded
