Chapter 12 Operating Systems

The ________ is a balanced tree structure with all branches of equal length, and has become the standard method of organizing indexes for databases.

B-tree

The _________ is concerned with scheduling disk and tape accesses to optimize performance.

Basic I/O supervisor

__________ are often used where very rapid access is required, where fixed-length records are used, and where records are always accessed one at a time.

Direct files (or hashed files)

T/F: A partial index contains one entry for every record in the main file.

False

T/F: Device drivers are not part of the operating system.

False

T/F: File systems do not maintain the attributes associated with the files.

False

T/F: Records may only be of fixed length.

False

T/F: The least-complicated form of file organization is the indexed file.

False

__________ provides a general purpose record I/O capability and maintains basic data about files.

Logical I/O

T/F: A field is characterized by its length and data type.

True

T/F: A file allocation table (FAT) is used to keep track of the portions assigned to a file.

True

T/F: A file directory contains information about the files, including attributes, location, and ownership.

True

T/F: A preallocation policy requires that the maximum size of a file be declared at the time of the file creation request.

True

T/F: All types of UNIX files are administered by the OS by means of inodes.

True

T/F: Indexed allocation supports both sequential and direct access to the file and thus is the most popular form of file allocation.

True

T/F: The cluster is the fundamental unit of allocation in NTFS.

True

T/F: The sequential file organization is the only one that is easily stored on tape as well as disk.

True

T/F: The superuser is exempt from the usual file access control constraints and has system wide access

True

T/F: Typically, the only way that a user or application may access files is through the file management system.

True

Linux makes use of a __________ , which presents a single, uniform file system interface to user processes.

Virtual file system

The __________ level provides a standard interface between applications and the file systems and devices that hold the data.

access method

The __________ is responsible for all file I/O initiation and termination.

basic I/O supervisor

A UNIX file system resides on a single logical disk or disk partition and is laid out with the following elements: superblock, inode table, data blocks, and __________ .

boot block

Three methods of file allocation commonly used are: chained, indexed and _________ .

contiguous

A _________ is a collection of related data.

database

The essential aspects of a __________ are that the relationships that exist among elements of data are explicit and designed for use by a number of different applications

database

A __________ is responsible for starting I/O operations on a device and processing the completion of an I/O request.

device driver

The _________ file exploits the capability found on disks to access directly any block of a known address.

direct

A _________ is the basic element of data.

field

A __________ is a collection of similar records.

file

The physical organization of the file on secondary storage depends on the blocking strategy and the __________ strategy.

file allocation

An objective of the __________ is to meet the data management needs and requirements of the user, which include storage of data and the ability to perform related operations.

file management system

An objective of the __________ is to provide a standardized set of I/O interface routines to user processes.

file management system

__________ represents an open file associated with a process.

file object

The term _________ refers to the logical structuring of the records as determined by the way in which they are accessed.

file organization

_________ are used mostly in applications where timeliness of information is critical and where data are rarely processed exhaustively.

indexed files

An _________ is a control structure that contains the key information needed by the operating system for a particular file.

inode (index node)

The __________ level is the primary interface with the environment outside of the computer system.

physical I/O

Because there is no structure to the _________ form of file organization, record access is by exhaustive search.

pile

A _________ is a contiguous set of allocated blocks.

portion

A _________ is a collection of related fields that can be treated as a unit by some application program.

record

In the __________ form of file structure all records are of the same length, consisting of the same number of fixed-length fields in a particular order.

sequential file

The _________ contains the core parts of the operating system, including system binaries, system libraries, and configuration files.

system directory

The most common form of file structure is __________ .

the sequential file

A _________ is a collection of addressable sectors in secondary memory that an OS or application can use for data storage.

volume