Crime and Criminal Justice
False
A charging warning occurs after a prosecutor conducts a preliminary investigation and finds merit in the case
Indictment
In some jurisdictions, the grand jury will determine if sufficient evidence to support the continued prosecution of a suspect exists. If it does, then the grand jury would issue a true bill of:
False
The current criminal justice system is not responsible for protecting the country from international and domestic terrorists.
Crime Control
The mayor had expressed his frustration with the criminals who are committing these crimes, and believes that society must be protected from them through harsh punishment. The mayor is promoting the ______ perspective of criminal justice.
Investigation
The purpose of the criminal ___________ is to gather evidence, identify a suspect and support a legal arrest.
Investigation
The purpose of the criminal__________________ is to gather enough evidence to identify a suspect and support a legal arrest.
London Metropolitan Police
The success of the ________ in 1829 prompted similar police agencies to appear in the United States.
Legislature
The__________ defines the law by determining what conduct is prohibited and establishes criminal penalties for those who violate it.
a. Balancing the dual role as representative of the people and officer of the court.
Which is considered the primary ethical concern of prosecutors? a. Balancing the dual role as representative of the people and officer of the court. b. The adversarial system of justice in the United States. c. Handling both the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of the crime. d. Employing discretion and morality equitably. e. Ensuring justice for the victim.
b. Most people who commit a crime are punished for it.
Which of the following is not an aspect of Herbert Packer's assembly line criminal justice process? a. Each of these decisions can have a critical impact on the defendant, the justice system, and society. b. Most people who commit a crime are punished for it. c. Decision points are found throughout the process. d. Criminal justice is seen as a screening process where each stage is a decision point. e. The criminal justice system suffers from congestion.
Restorative Justice
Which perspective argues that the true purpose of the criminal justice system is to promote a peaceful and just society?
a. Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens' most personal information, raising concerns of privacy and confidentiality.
Which statement best reflects why ethical standards are important in criminal justice? a. Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens' most personal information, raising concerns of privacy and confidentiality. b. Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is limited. c. Rigid procedures guide the behavior of law enforcement personnel, leaving little room for ethical dilemmas. d. Ethical decision making tends to reduce individual civil rights and liberties. e. Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.
c. The federal correctional budget is larger than state governments' correctional budgets.
Which statement is false about corrections in the United States?a. The states' correctional budget is larger than that of the federal government. b. Though crime has declined for most of the past decade, the correctional population continues to grow. c. The federal correctional budget is larger than state governments' correctional budgets. d. Approximately 1.5 million juveniles are handled in juvenile courts each year. e. More than 7 million people are under some form of correctional supervision.
Bail Bondsman
Who is not a part of the courtroom work group? Judge, Defense Attorney, Prosecutor, Bail Bondsman
Initial contact
______ is/are the first step in the formal criminal justice process.
False
Evidence-based programming does not have to consider intervening factors.
False
If a lawyer assists their client in engaging in illegal behavior, they are not subject to criminal charges because of their attorney-client privilege.
False
Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer of the criminal justice system wedding cake.
True
Local governments collectively spend more on criminal justice than do state and federal agencies combined.
False
The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) is a taxing body which levies fines on abusive law enforcement agencies.
False
The Miranda warnings must be read to all suspects arrested by law enforcement.
d. initial contact, investigation, arrest, and custody.
The correct sequence of criminal justice procedures involving a police officer is:a. charging, initial contact, arrest, and investigation. b. initial contact, arrest, investigation, and charging. c. initial contact, investigation, arrest, and charging. d. initial contact, investigation, arrest, and custody. e. initial contact, arrest, charging, and custody.
True
The crime control perspective believes that too many suspects go free because of legal technicalities.
Nolle Prosequi
The decision by a prosecutor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of lack of evidence is called:
E. Arraignment
The defendant would enter a plea of guilty or not guilty at the _______ stage of the formal criminal justice process. a. preliminary hearing b. sentencing c. bail hearing d. criminal trial e. arraignment
False
The equal justice perspective advocates that judges consider extralegal factors in sentencing.
True
The nonintervention perspective believes there is a stigma that locks people into a criminal way of life.
False
The only professionals in the criminal justice system that should be concerned with ethical behavior are police officers.
Every State uses the grand jury system
Which of the following is false about the grand jury?a. It was created in twelfth-century England. b. It is composed of between 12 and 23 persons. c. It can protect citizens from false prosecution. d. It is a formal hearing of evidence. e. Every state uses the grand jury system.
Judiciary
The _______ oversees criminal justice practices and has the power to determine whether existing operations fall within the bounds of the U.S. Constitution.
True
The crime rate was much higher 100 years ago than it is today.
Bail
________ is a money bond levied to ensure the return of a criminal defendant for trial.
Nonintervention
Advocates of the ________ perspective would advocate for the decriminalization of marijuana.
Due Process
Advocates of the ___________ perspective argue that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime.
True
Complex criminal conspiracies require cooperation from different criminal justice agencies.
Measurement of Success
Concern over budgetary issues is a reference to which evidence-based principle?
Nonintervention
Concern over the potentially stigmatizing effect of community notification laws on sexual offenders would be a part of ________ perspective.
Due process
Concern over the prevalence of serious errors in the criminal justice system reflects the ________ perspective.
Equal Justice
Truth-in-sentencing laws are an aspect of which justice system perspective?
d. The track record of school-based drug education programs has proven to be spotty at best.
Using evidence justice, what does the research say about school-based drug education programs?a. The track record of school-based drug education programs has proven to fail. b. There has been no privately-sponsored research on school-based drug education programs. c. The track record of school-based drug education programs has proven to be highly effective. d. The track record of school-based drug education programs has proven to be spotty at best. e. There has been no government-sponsored research on school-based drug education programs.
Miranda
When police want to interrogate a suspect, the officer must first advise the suspect of his/her __________ rights.
Nolle Prosequi
When prosecutors decide to take no further action after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal matters of a case it is referred to as a/an _________.
B. Courts
Which agency in the criminal justice system is responsible for the adjudication of the case if a suspect has been arrested and charged with the crime of murder? A. Police B. Courts C. Corrections D. Parole board E. Probation board
Defense Attorney
Which courtroom work group member experiences the ethical concern of having obligations to his/her client and the profession?
True
Correctional officers have significant power over inmates.
True
Cost-effectiveness is a unifying principle of evidence-based justice efforts.
Target Audience
A drug treatment program which target low-risk offenders may make the program look good, but would violate the __________ principle of evidence-based justice.
The officer witnesses the act
A police officer cannot arrest someone for a misdemeanor unless:
Supply grants to local and state law enforcement agencies.
A primary purpose of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) was to:
Arrest of a noted celebrity
A/an _________ would be placed in Layer I of the criminal justice "wedding cake".
Cases
According to the criminal justice assembly line model, ________ are moved down the conveyor belt.
True
According to the wedding cake model of justice, the typical penalty for Level IV cases would include short jail sentences or fines.
False
All felony arrests require someone having personally witnessed the crime being committed.
a. the suspect openly disputes the officer's interpretation.
An arrest is considered legal when all of the following conditions exist except for when: a. the suspect openly disputes the officer's interpretation. b. when the police officer believes there is sufficient evidence. c. when probable cause exists. d. the officer deprives the suspect of their freedom. e. the suspect believes he is now in custody.
Initial Contact
An offender's ________ with the criminal justice system takes place as a result of a police action.
False
An officer's initial contact with a suspect is considered part of the informal criminal justice process.
40
Approximately _______ percentage of incidents of sexual violence in prison involved staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct.
Arraignment
At what stage will the prosecution file a charging document against Johnny? A. Investigation B. Charging C. Preliminary hearing D. Plea bargaining E. Arraignment
Arraignment
Before the trial begins, the defendant will be brought before the court that will hear the case, during a proceeding called a(n):
II
Burglary would be included in Level _____ of the criminal justice wedding cake model.
Nonintervention
Decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, and pretrial diversion are favored by those adhering to the _____ perspective
True
During the past decade, the crime control and equal justice perspectives have dominated in criminal justice is dispensed.
True
Ethical behavior is particularly important in law enforcement because police officers have the authority to deprive people of their liberty.
True
From 1900 to 1935, the nation experienced a sustained increase in criminal activity.
Legislative
In Florida, Chapter 782.04 of the Florida State Statutes explains the crime of murder. Section 1 of the statute reads:782.04 Murder.—(1)(a) The unlawful killing of a human being: When perpetrated from a premeditated design to effect the death of the person killed or any human being. The 5 years Johnny will spend in prison was determined by the _______ branch of government.
False
In its report, the Wickersham Commission applauded the strength of the criminal justice system.
The Mafia
In the later 1800s, ________ was not a gang found in New York City.
90
Johnny accepted a plea bargain which reduced his charges from robbery to burglary, and lowered his sentence from 5 years in prison instead of 20. What percentage of criminal cases are settled with a plea bargain?
Prosecutor
Johnny was arrested for robbery, a second-degree felony in the state where he lives. Johnny can be sentenced to up to 20 years in prison, and since he had never been arrested before, he is unfamiliar with the criminal justice system. Since Johnny has been arrested, the _______ will be next in line to examine the case.
Conveyor Belt/Assembly Line
To justice expert Herbert Packer, the image that comes to mind from the criminal justice process is a(n) ________.
IV
Misdemeanors, such as disorderly conduct, shoplifting, and public drunkenness comprise Level_______of the criminal justice "wedding cake."
True
Most cases that go to trial result in a conviction.
False
Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal criminal justice system.
II
Offenders at the Level ____ of the "wedding cake" model of criminal justice have typically committed a serious offense but will not garner much media attention.
Probation
Offenders convicted of Level III crimes typically receive _______ as a sentence.
True
Only after an arrest may a suspect be detained.
Nineteenth
Police agencies begin to appear in the United States in the ________ century.
measurement of success
Researchers must closely evaluate issues such as the dropout rate and study length in order to develop a valid:
Social Control
Society's ability to control individual behavior in order to serve its best interests is known as ___________.
Executive
The _______ branch of government is responsible for enforcing this statue.
Grand Jury
The _______ is a group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime.
Restorative
The _______ perspective views crime as a community-level problem.
Judicial
The ________ branch of government interprets existing laws and determines whether they meet constitutional requirements.
Judicial
The ________ branch of government is responsible for the day-to-day operation of justice agencies.
Rehabilitative
The ________ perspective would advocate diversion programs or mediation programs for juvenile offenders.
Law Enforcement
The _________ component of the criminal justice system has the largest budgets.
Legislature
The _________ defines the law by determining what conduct is prohibited and establishes criminal penalties for those who violate the law.
Crime Control
The _________ perspective demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law.
Rehabilitative
The _________ perspective sees the justice system as a mechanism of caring for and treating people who cannot manage themselves.
Criminal Justice System
The __________ is society's instrument of social control
American Bar Foundation Project
The ___________ sponsored research in the 1950s which showed the criminal justice system composed of an intricate network of agencies.
e. Chicago Crime Commission
The ___________, created in 1919, was a professional association funded by private contributions and was integral in getting agencies of justice to work together. a. American Bar Foundation Commission b. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice c. Crime commission d. Wickersham Commission e. Chicago Crime Commission
in-presence
The ____________ requirement is the principle that in order to make an arrest for a misdemeanor, the arresting officer must have personally witnessed the crime being committed.
False
The case involving a celebrity would be considered a Level IV case in the wedding cake model of justice.
Equal Justice
The concept of "just deserts" is found in the ________ perspective.
Control
The contemporary criminal justice society uses social _______ to regulate dangerous elements within society.
True
The contemporary criminal justice system is society's instrument of social control.
False
The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and treating people who cannot manage themselves.
True
The criminal justice process is slowed by congestion and limited resources.
Funnel
The criminal justice process may be compared to a:
$100 billion
The criminal justice system costing federal, state, and local governments about __________ per year to operate.
Rehabilitation
The deputy mayor advocated the _________ model, arguing that these crimes were an expression of frustration and anger created by social inequality.
Restorative Justice
The goal of the _________ perspective is to enable the offender to appreciate the damage caused to society and to the victim, to make amends, and to be reintegrated into the community.
True Bill of Indictment
The grand jury will issue a __________, which specifies the exact charges on which the accused must stand trial
False
The media tends to focus on Level IV cases of the wedding cake model of justice.
Custody
The police may search for evidence, conduct an interrogation, or even encourage a confession during:
Randomized Experiments
The pre-selection of test subjects would likely violate the __________ principle of evidence-based justice.
The Criminal Justice System
The system of law enforcement, adjudication, and correction that is directly involved in the apprehension, prosecution, and control of those charged with criminal offenses is called:
False
The system of law enforcement, adjudication, and correction that is directly involved in the apprehension, prosecution, and control of those charged with criminal offenses is referred to as a social safety net.
a. law enforcement, the judiciary, and the correctional system
The three main components into which the contemporary criminal justice system is generally divided are: a. law enforcement, the judiciary, and the correctional system. b. federal, state and local agencies. c. law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature. d. law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature. e. the courts, the correctional system, and the legislature.
True
The work of the criminal justice system began to be recognized when the Chicago Crime Commission, a professional association funded by private contributions, was created.
Courtroom Work
The_______ group is comprised of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other court personnel who function to streamline the process of justice through the extensive use of plea bargaining and other trial alternatives.
Grand Jury
The___________ is group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring those persons to trial..
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
The___________ provided technical assistance and hundreds of millions of dollars in federal aid to state and local justice agencies between 1969 and 1982.
c. There are over 2 million individuals employed in law enforcement.
Which of the following is false regarding law enforcement? a. Most police officers in the United States work for a local agency. b. In law enforcement alone, the majority of the employees have general arrest powers. c. There are over 2 million individuals employed in law enforcement. d. Less than half of population will interact with the criminal justice system at some point in their life. e. State police agencies employ the least amount of officers nationwide.
b. Crime and violence have been common since the nation was first formed and are not recent social problems.
Which statement is accurate concerning crime in a historical context in the United States? a. Crime was imported by European settlers. b. Crime and violence have been common since the nation was first formed and are not recent social problems. c. The Old West was the only area where gang activity flourished after the Civil War. d. Crime and violence did not exist when the nation was first formed and are recent social problems. e. Crime peaked during Civil War times and has been diminishing since that era.
Customary practice
_________ is not one of the unifying principle of evidence-based justice.
Evidence Based
_________ justice uses scientific method to determine whether criminal justice programs actually reduce crime rates and offender recidivism.
Custody
_________ occurs after an arrest and while the suspect is being detained.
Intervening factors
_________, such as the characteristics of the community the program is being used, can enhance or impede a program's success.
Crime
__________has provided a mechanism for the frustrated to vent their anger, for business leaders to maintain their position of wealth and power, and for those outside the economic mainstream to take a shortcut to the American dream.
Prosecutor
A local police department noticed an increase in the number of home burglaries being committed. The department formed a task force to assess the extent of the problem. Officers from the detective bureau, the vice squad, and the crime analysis division met to discuss the problem and begin investigating these crimes. After investigating the crimes for over a month, the task force was able to arrest eight suspects. The ______ would be the official responsible for formally charging the suspects with a specific criminal act.
