Writing 1, 11, 111
Paragraph Block
A "block" of paragraphs that support the same key idea, but contain too much info to include in one paragraph
What is a short story?
A brief work of fiction
independent clause
A clause that can stand alone as a sentence
subordinate clause
A group of words that has both a subject and a verb but (unlike an independent clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence. Also known as a dependent clause.
memoirs
A kind of writing that tells someone's memories
What can you use to evaluate and assess your writing?
A rubric
topic sentence
A sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph in which it occurs.
linking verb
A word that expresses its subject's state of being or condition
Preposition
A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word; such as by, of, & in.
What do reflective essays, personal narratives, or autobiographical incidents share?
A writers personal experience and reactions
What revision strategy can help you break up lengthy narrative paragraphs?
Add dialogue
In a paragraph or composition that has unity...
All the parts are clearly connected to a single main idea
Tone
Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character
What are four common forms of autobiographical writing?
Autobiographical sketches, memoirs, anecdotes, and reflective essays, personal narratives, or autobiographical incidents
anecdote
Brief usually humorous accounts of single events that provide some insight into life in general
purpose of introduction
Captures readers' attention with a strong lead, and introduces the focus of the composition in a thesis statement
What are key elements you can use to build a story around?
Character, setting, conflict
What is one way to revise word choice?
Circling your writing for action verbs
Two or more short sentences may have common elements that can be combined. These are called...
Compound elements
During the rising action...
Conflict builds
definition
Define and divide it into parts
Qualities that contribute to writing style:
Diction, tone, and sentence variety
What is a common mistake for writers?
Displaying inconsistent verb choice in their writing
Within a unified paragraph...
Each sentence connects to the topic sentence or implied main idea of the paragraph
Connotation
Emotional associations that a word calls to mind
In the exposition...
Establish conflict; introduce characters
What can you use to explain or demonstrate a point?
Examples, illustrations, or instances
coordinating conjunction
FANBOYS= for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Types of paragraphs
Functional paragraphs and paragraph blocks
Purpose of the reporter's formula:
Gather details
When choosing a topic for a compare/contrast essay, start by choosing a topic that...
Has enough similarities between parts to make comparison logical, and enough differences to make a contrast meaningful
comparison
How is the topic similar to or different from connected topics?
In a coherent composition...
Ideas follow a logical order and connections between ideas are clear
A well-written paragraph without a stated topic sentence has an...
Implied main idea
What would be most effective when writing a humorous short story
Including exaggerated characters
Autobiographical sketches often include:
Info about a writers early life and personal qualities or achievements
Statistics are...
Information that can be gathered in numbers.
During the drafting stage of the writing process, you...
Keep the focus of the specific form you have in mind
Formal English
Language spoken or written according to the rules of English
During the falling action...
Loose ends of the plot are tied up
What is one way to write a strong conclusion?
Make an observation from your current point of view
What strategy will help you choose a topic?
Making a quicklist
Using the questions of classical invention can help you___.
Narrow a topic
Functional paragraphs
Perform specific functions; may not have a topic sentence, but are unified and coherent
What are some strategies to help choose a topic?
Personal experience timeline, photographs and memories, observation notebook
During which stage of the writing process do you explore a topic and organize ideas?
Prewriting
Hexagonal Writing
Prewriting technique in which a writer analyzes a subject from 6 angles: literal level,personal allusions, theme, literary devices, literary allusions, and evaluation
During which stage of the writing process do you share your writing?
Publishing
What is the lead?
Purpose: A HOOK to grab the reader's attention Found at the beginning of your paper Introduces the Controlling Idea Types: (Know 3) Full Circle, Situational, Interactive, Startling Fact or Statistics, Bullet Statements for dramatic effect
SEE Method
Statement, extension, elaboration
Classical invention
Strategy used by the ancient Greeks to explore a topic
At the climax...
The conflict peaks
What is the conclusion?
The final paragraph
What is the body of a composition?
The part that develops, explains, and supports, the key idea expressed in the thesis statement
Purposes of functional paragraphs
To arouse or sustain interest, indicate dialogue, make a transition,
Why is it important to proofread your writing?
To find and correct errors
What is the purpose of the SEE method?
To help elaborate on statements
What is the purpose of color-coding your writing?
To help identify specific issues while making revisions
What is the purpose of an outline
To organize your prewriting work
In a unified composition, the
Topic sentence of each paragraph connects to the main idea, or thesis statement, of the composition
TRI pattern
Topic sentence, restatement, and illustration
What strategy can be used to make each episode in your short story more vivid?
Use snapshots to create a colorful picture
What strategy can be used to make each episode in your short story more vivid?
Use snapshots to create a vivid picture
relationship
What are the causes and effects? What is its opposite?
testimony
What do credible sources say about the topic?
circumstance
What makes it possible or impossible?
What is autobiographical writing?
Writing that draws on specific events that are important to you
Autobiographical writing
Writing true stories about one's life
clause
a group of words with a subject and a verb
Implied Main Idea
a main idea that is suggested or inferred but not directly stated
thesis statement
a statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay
writing style
a style of expressing yourself in writing
Conjunction
a word that joins two phrases or sentences
action verb
a word that tells what action someone or something is performing
subordinating conjunction
connects an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses; examples: since, before, unless, after, although, as if, as soon as, because, before, even if, in order that, that, when, whenever, while
What is a compound subject
consists of two or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same verb
monotonous
dull, tedious, and repetitious; lacking in variety and interest.
relative pronoun
linked group of words preceding noun or pronoun; examples: who, which, that, whom, whose
Informal English
nonstandard form of English which contains slang and other casual language
supporting sentences
sentences that give more details about the main idea of a paragraph
writing to entertain
some authors just want to entertain their readers: to make them laugh, cry, feel suspense, or otherwise enjoy the writing
Facts are...
statements that can be proven
purpose of conclusion
summarize the speech and provide closure
Writing to Persuade
the author attempts to talk the reader into sharing his opinion or viewpoint
direct object
the object that receives the direct action of the verb
In the Resolution...
the problem is solved
Coherence
the quality of being logical and consistent
Details
the specific parts of a whole; they make your point or main idea clear by showing how all the pieces fit together
invoke
to call upon
Precede
to come before
writing to inform
to use writing to provide factual information about a topic; avoid using opinions
compound direct object
two or more direct objects following the same verb
conjunctive adverb
used to express relationships between independent clauses
reporter's formula
who, what, where, when, why, how
Diction
word choice