Chapter 12: Population Growth & Aging

Social Security

also called "old age, survivors, disability, and health insurance" a federal program that protects against loss of income due to retirement, disability, or even death

Why is Social Security important for elderly?

because it's their major source of family income for most older americans. For over half, it provides more than half of their income. Without social security income, nearly half of all seniors would be living in poverty

population momentum

continued population growth as a result of past high fertility rates that have resulted in a large number of young woman who are currently entering their childbearing years

club sandwich generation

includes adults who are taking care of their aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren. Or adults who are caring for their own young children, aging parents, and grandparents

What is the leading cause of mortality for reproductive age women in the developing world

maternal deaths

ageism

negative stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination based on a person's or group's perceived chronological age.

What are the two contradictory patterns about population size trends?

1) the total number of people on this planet is rising and is expected to continue to increase in the upcoming decades. 2) fertility rates are so low in come countries that the countries populations are likely to decline over the coming years.

retirement plans

1) traditional pensions (defined benefit) 2) defined contribution

What is filial piety?

A chinese culture which entails to respecting, obeying, pleasing, and offering support and care to parents

What is the world's top environmental problem?

According to United Nations Environment Programme. it's overpopulation, followed by climate change, and the need to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy resources

What kind os "ism" such as sexism, racism, or heterosexism is more widely accepted?

Ageism because it's embedded into our culture and everyone is vulnerable to ageism if they live long enough

What is the world's most populated country?

China 1/5 people live there, By 2015 India will become the most populated country

Family Support Agreement

In china, a voluntary contract between older parents and adult children that specifies the details of how the adult children will provide parental care

What does population growth have a demand on?

Increased demand on natural resources, such as forests, water, cropland, and oil, and results in increased waste and pollution

How did the Industrial Revolution improve the way of living for the world's population?

It brought clean food & water, provided housing and sanitation, and advanced medical technology

Fundings for Social Security

Social Security is funded by workers through a payroll tax called Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)

pronatalism

a cultural value that promotes having children in symbolic interactionist perspective

sandwich generation

a generation of people who care for their aging parents while also taking care of their own children

What is the globally working age?

ages 15-64

What is the USA working age?

ages 20-64

International Planned Parenthood Federation

non-governmental organization sought to lower fertility through family planning programs that provide reproductive health services and access to contraceptive info and methods.

ageism by invisibility

occurs when older adults are not included in advertising and educational materials

What factors threaten the long term ability of social security?

retirement of baby boomers, increasing longevity, the declining elderly support ratio, widening wage inequality, high rates of unemployment, and wage stagnation

demographic transition theory

structural functionalist theory that attributes population growth patterns to changes in birth rates and death rates associated with the process of industrialization

total fertility rates

the average lifetime number of births per woman in a population

enviornmental footprint

the demands that humanity makes on the earth's natural resources. The economic footprint of an average person in a high-income country is much larger than that of someone in a low-income country.

baby boomers

the generation of americans born between 1946-1964, a period of high birth rates

replacement-level fertility

the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next

elderly support ratio

the ratio of working-age adults 15-64, to adults ages 65 and older in a population

What is the cause of the aging of the population?

the result of both increased longevity and declining fertility rates

doubling time

the time required for a population to double in size from a given base year if the current rate of growth continues