chapter 12- quiz

The major sociocultural factor contributing to abuse and neglect of children is ____. poverty inequality social violence media violence

inequality

How many children and adolescents with histories of maltreatment involving sexual abuse or combined sexual and physical abuse meet criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? 20% 50% 60% 30%

50%

Child maltreatment affects boys and girls almost equally except for sexual abuse, where girls account for ____ of the reported victims. 80% 75% 90% 65%

80%

Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are diagnoses that apply only to children ages __________________. 1 year to 7 years old 9 months to 5 years old 3 years to 9 years old birth to 3 years old

9 months to 5 years old

How do cultural norms influence the prevalence of sexual abuse? Children are portrayed erotically. Children are not valued by parents. Children with anxiety are more likely to be abused. Children observe sex play.

Children are portrayed erotically.

Which of the following would qualify as physical neglect? Supervision from the next room Letting a teenager come home from school alone Refusing to allow an adolescent to see friends Delay in seeking health care

Delay in seeking health care

Which treatment is LEAST likely to be given to a child who has been sexually abused? Education and support Escapism Controlled-exposure techniques Cognitive-behavioral methods

Escapism

____ is related to sexually abused children's level of distress as well as their recovery from the trauma. Maternal support Gender Paternal support Relation to the perpetrator

Maternal support

____ exists to some degree in all forms of maltreatment, making it difficult to define the consequences. Emotional abuse Emotional neglect Physical abuse Physical neglect

NOT: Emotional neglect

Which form of treatment focuses on children who have learned of harm to others? Psychoeducation Psychological first aid Psychodynamic storytelling Resilient friend treatment

NOT: Psychoeducation Psychodynamic storytelling Resilient friend treatment

An example of physical child neglect would be ____________. siblings who were subjected to repeated incidents of family violence between their parents a middle schooler who is permitted to drink and use drugs children living in a home contaminated with animal feces and rotting food a teenager who is permitted to decide for himself whether to go to school and how long to stay each day

NOT: a teenager who is permitted to decide for himself whether to go to school and how long to stay each day

Maltreatment is more common among ____. minority ethnic groups the poor and disadvantaged parents with average intelligence minority religious groups

NOT: minority ethnic groups

A history of ____ among males is a significant risk factor for inappropriate sexual behaviors, alienation, and social incompetence in adolescence. any form of maltreatment neglect physical abuse sexual abuse

NOT: sexual abuse

Which of the following is not characteristic of parents who maltreat their children? Self-discipline and patience Unfamiliarity of the parenting role Information-processing disturbances Unfamiliarity of developmentally appropriate expectations for children

Self-discipline and patience

Which statement about sexual abuse offenders is true? Sexual abuse offenders often gradually indoctrinate children into sexual activity. Sexual abuse offenders only target female children. Sexual abuse offenders have close trusting family relationships. Sexual abuse offenders often have good social skills.

Sexual abuse offenders often gradually indoctrinate children into sexual activity.

For teens, which feeling or action is least likely to occur as a result of stress? Skipping a meal Feeling overwhelmed Feeling tired Feeling depressed or sad

Skipping a meal

Which of the following is NOT among the worst and most intrusive forms of childhood stress and trauma? Child maltreatment Stressful incidents, such as terrorist attacks or hurricanes Exposure to domestic violence Chronic childhood poverty

Stressful incidents, such as terrorist attacks or hurricanes

Which destabilizing factor is most closely associated with the third and final stage of an integrated model of child abuse? The child increases problem behavior. Multiple sources of anger and aggression exist. A low sense of control and predictability is evident. The parent believes that the child's behavior is threatening or harmful.

The child increases problem behavior.

An example of emotional child neglect would be ____________. an infant who had to be hospitalized for near drowning after being left alone in a bathtub an 11-year-old who is chronically truant a child whose mother helped him shoot out the windows of a neighbor's house a 2-year-old found wandering in the street late at night, naked and alone

a child whose mother helped him shoot out the windows of a neighbor's house

Traumatic sexualization occurs when ____. the child is forced to abuse others a child's sexual knowledge occurs inappropriately the emotional abuse is chronic the child is unaware of sexual practices

a child's sexual knowledge occurs inappropriately

Children living with __________________ are at significantly greater risk of all types of maltreatment. a single parent with a live-in partner both parents a single parent nonparental guardians

a single parent with a live-in partner

A history of sexual abuse is reported more often by ____. adolescent females young females adolescent males young males

adolescent females

A babysitter who notices bruises on a child who subsequently tells the sitter that her mother hits her is obligated (by law) to ____. remove the child from the home alert the police or child welfare agency do nothing confront the parent

alert the police or child welfare agency

While adaptive in abusive and inescapable situations, dissociation may lead to ____. bipolar disorder borderline personality disorder split psychotic disorder schizophrenia

borderline personality disorder

Exploitation takes many forms but is most likely to include ____. child discipline child labor child poverty child photography

child labor

After prolonged and unpredictable stressful events, cortisol levels ____ and the feedback systems that control hormone levels in the brain may become ____. decrease; more functional decrease; dysfunctional increase; dysfunctional increase; more functional

decrease; dysfunctional

Treatment services for families that have maltreated a child have been limited due to ____. difficulty of parents admitting culpability lack of available services children not wanting to attend therapy families being financially unable to retain services

difficulty of parents admitting culpability

Once environmental and adult factors are controlled, the only child characteristic that has been associated with the risk of sexual abuse is ____. temperament age gender conduct problems

gender

Children may be protected in part from the effects of maltreatment if they ____. have a positive relationship with at least one important and consistent person can prosecute the offending parent are abused by only their father and not by their mother are immediately removed from the home

have a positive relationship with at least one important and consistent person

Maltreated children may experience fewer negative outcomes if they ____. have a positive self-esteem and sense of self can prosecute the offending parent have an external locus of control are immediately removed from the home

have a positive self-esteem and sense of self

Compared to abusive parents, neglectful parents ____. have more chronic patterns of social isolation become more emotionally and behaviorally reactive under stress have less striking personality disorders have better knowledge of children's needs

have more chronic patterns of social isolation

A maltreated child who has been chronically aroused for a long period of time becomes ____ to stress. hyperresponsive addicted immune unresponsive

hyperresponsive

Maltreated children have a greater tendency to ____ than nonmaltreated children. have difficulty understanding the emotional states of others exaggerate emotional expressions have a disinhibition of emotional expressions inhibit emotional expressions and modulating their emotional states

inhibit emotional expressions and modulating their emotional states

An event would be considered traumatic if it ____. is stress related directly to an incident of physical harm only is based on stress before a big test involves any type of stress is based on an uncommon or extreme stressor

is based on an uncommon or extreme stressor

Girls are more likely to be sexually abused by ____. male family members male nonfamily members female family members female nonfamily members

male family members

Boys are more likely to be sexually abused by ____. siblings male nonfamily members their mothers their fathers

male nonfamily members

By far, the most common form of maltreatment of children is ____________. neglect sexual abuse physical abuse psychological maltreatment

neglect

The highest incidence of maltreatment in the United States is due to ____ cases. neglect emotional abuse sexual abuse physical abuse

neglect

If a child with a diagnosed psychological disorder (e.g., depression) was also being abused, the maltreatment would be noted in the ____ based on the DSM-5. other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention category progress notes but not the diagnosis Axis I category extra comments section of the assessment

other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention category

Treatment of physical abuse involves training parents in ____. adopting distorted beliefs stronger discipline positive child-rearing skills avoiding interaction

positive child-rearing skills

Pedophiles ____. sexually abuse only their children are sexually aroused by female children only sexually abuse only children unknown to them sexually abuse or fantasize about minor children

sexually abuse or fantasize about minor children

In comparison to boys, girls who express symptoms of PTSD tend to show more: verbal aggression. anger. physical aggression. shame and self-blame.

shame and self-blame.

Many of the acute symptoms of sexual abuse resemble children's common reactions to ____. stress loss of a parent fatigue illness

stress

Allostatic load refers to ____________. an indicator of the effects of child maltreatment on a child's outlook the progressive wear and tear on biological systems due to the effects of chronic stress the biological response of a stressful event on a child a measure of how much stress teens can safely handle

the progressive wear and tear on biological systems due to the effects of chronic stress

Physically abused children tend to have peer relationships marked by ____. dependency and clinginess avoidance and withdrawal friendliness and interest withdrawal and aggression

withdrawal and aggression