chapter 12 quiz review

What nitrogenous bases pair together?

A & T G & C

What is a chromosome? Where in the cell are chromosomes found?

A chromosome is made up of tightly coiled DNA strands . Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell.

What is a gene? How many genes are in the human body?

A gene is the functional unit of chromosome, they are codes for a certain protein. Humans have about 35,000 genes. 22 pairs of body chromosomes 1 set of chromosomes

DNA is composed of millions of nucleotides. What is a nucleotide unit made up of?

A nucleotide unit is made up of sugar molecules attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base. sugar (deoxyribose) phosphate nitrogenous base (A,T,C,G)

What is the Human Genome Project?

An international research effort to determine the sequence of the human genome and identify the genes that it contains.

How is DNA related to proteins in your body? Why are proteins important?

DNA contains the instructions for making proteins. Proteins are made up of amino acids. They are important because they determine your traits and how your body functions. (hair color, eye color, disease, etc.)

What is DNA? Describe its shape?

DNA is composed of units containing a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base. Its shape is a double helix which is two strands of coiled DNA. deoxyribonucleic acid

What is DNA profiling? Why do you think it is sometimes called fingerprinting?

DNA profiling is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics. It is sometimes called fingerprinting because each DNA profile is so unique like a fingerprint.

How is DNA related to proteins? Why are proteins important?

Each DNA sequence contains instructions to make a protein known as a gene. DNA sequences can be used to produce proteins which are the complex molecules that do most of the work you need proteins in your diet to help repair cells and make new ones. proteins are also important for growth and development in children, teens, and pregnant women

Why do white blood cells interest forensic scientists more than red blood cells?

The white blood cells interest forensic scientists more than red blood cells because there are more white blood cells than red blood cells. They also protect the body from infection.

How long is your DNA? How does it fit into a tiny nucleus? (histones)

about 3 meters the dna molecule wraps around the histone proteins to form tight loops called nucleosomes

Be able to label all parts of a DNA molecule.

adenine thymine guanine cystine base pair sugar-phosphate backbone

What do forensic investigators most commonly use for testing DNA?

blood, bodily fluids, buccal (cheek) swabs

What are the steps to purifying DNA from a cheek swab?

break the cells open separate DNA from other parts of the cell such as proteins precipitate (purify) the pure DNA from everything else

Where is the DNA located?

in the nucleus

How similar is your DNA to all other humans?

our DNA is 99.9% the same as the person next to us

Each sequence of bases code for specific amino acids which make up ____________.

proteins

Why would a scientist want a DNA profile of an individual?

they would want this information to determine if a body fluid sample comes from a particular person. If two DNA profiles from different samples are the same, the chance that the samples came from different people is low. This provides strong evidence that samples have a common source

How can DNA profiling be useful?

to identify potential suspects to exorcerate individuals to identify crime and causality victims to establish paternity to match organ donors