Chapter 12 Test

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

peripheral

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

asch

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________.

confirmation bias

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________.

prejudice

A person is most likely to go along with the group if the size of the group is:

7

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

simon bites his mother

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence?

when the correct choice is unclear

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

What is a social role?

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Both in the original study and in this replication, there were a number of "fake participants." These individuals who work for the researcher and are aware of the experiment are known as:

confederates

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

dispositionism

Some of the participants chose "A," even though they originally believed the answer was "C," because the rest of the group answering "A" caused them to question their answer. They decided the group must have the correct answer. This is an example of:

informational social influence

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

normative

Some of the participants decided to go along with the group and chose "A," even though they believed the answer was "C," because they wanted to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group. This is an example of:

normative social influence

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of

reciprocity

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________.

scapegoating

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friendâ s father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation.

script

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship?

the amount of contact you have with people

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door technique

In this video, we see a replication of the Solomon Asch line study. What was this study designed to investigate?

conformity

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

group polarization

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?"

homophobia