chapter 12-vitals signs

6. Which blood pressure readings would be considered hypertension? a. Above 140/90 b. 120/80 c. 130/50 d. Less than 120/80

a. Above 140/90 Hypertension is a sustained blood pressure reading above 140/90. prehypertension 120-139: 80-89 high blood pressure stage 1: 140-159: 90-99 high blood pressure stage 2: 160 or higher : 100 or higher hypertensive crisis: ER care: higher than 180: higher than 110 pg 299

3. The nurse is working on the cardiac unit caring for a patient on a heart monitor. The nurse determines the patient's heart rate to be 130 beats/min. What term does the nurse use to describe this heart rate? a. Tachycardia b.Tachypnea c. Bradycardia d. Bradypnea

a. Tachycardia Tachycardia is where a patient's heart rate is greater than 100 beats/min, and this patient's heart rate is 130 beats/min. Tachypnea is where a patient has a rapid respiratory rate, usually higher than 20 breaths/min. Bradycardia is where a patient's heart rate is slower than 60 beats/min. Bradypnea is a patient with a respiratory rate less than 12 breaths/min.

2. The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old resident in a long-term care setting. What is most important to consider when assessing vital signs on this resident? a. Blood pressure will decrease. b. Core temperature averages 97.2°F (36°C). c. Depth of respiration will be increased. d. Resting heart rate will be increased.

b. Core temperature averages 97.2°F (36°C). After age 75 years, core temperature averages 97.2°F (36°C). Blood pressure (130-140, 90-95) often increases with age. With aging adults, depth of respiration (12-18) typically decreases. The older adult has a decreased heart rate at rest.

10. A recently admitted 46-year-old male patient has a history of hypertension. He is obese and has a cholesterol count of 224. He smokes two packs a day. From this patient's health history, which are risk factors that may contribute to hypertension? (Select all that apply.) a. Age b. Obesity c. Smoking d. Cholesterol e. Gender

b. Obesity c. Smoking d. Cholesterol Obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, smoking, elevated blood cholesterol level, and continued exposure to stress all increase the risks for hypertension. Stopping smoking, doing exercise, and eating a low-fat diet all help reduce the risks of hypertension. Age and gender are not the major risk factors for this patient's hypertension

7. The LPN is taking vital signs of patients in a clinic. Which readings would be cause for alerting the health care provider? a. T: 98.9°F b. P: 120 c. R: 20 d.B/P: 130/80

b. P: 120 A pulse rate of 120 indicates that this patient is experiencing tachycardia (a fast heart rate). The temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure readings are normal.

1. Which center in the brain regulates body temperature? a. Thalamus b. Cerebellum c. Hypothalamus d. spinal cord

c. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is located in the brain and helps maintain balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body. The thalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord do not regulate body temperature.

9. An older adult residing in a long-term care facility is prescribed a vasodilator and antihypertensive medications. What does this resident require to be monitored closely? a. Hypertension b. Arrhythmias c. Orthostatic hypotension d. Respiratory difficulties

c. Orthostatic hypotension Older adults are more susceptible to a drop in blood pressure related to inactivity. Antihypertensives increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension, particularly when the patient rises after a period of bed rest

8. A patient has been admitted with syncope (fainting). The health care provider orders the patient to be tested for orthostatic hypotension. What is the best description of how to perform this test? a. Taking a B/P standing, followed by sitting, then lying b. Taking a B/P sitting, followed by lying, then standing c. Taking a B/P lying, followed by sitting, then standing d. Taking a B/P lying, followed by standing, then sittingng

c. Taking a B/P lying, followed by sitting, then standing Orthostatic hypotension is seen when there is a drop of 25 mm Hg systolic and a drop of 10 mm Hg diastolic when moving from lying to sitting, or from sitting to standing. The other answers are not correct sequences of testing for orthostatic hypotension.

5. While performing an assessment on a patient, the nurse records a pulse deficit. Which statement best describes a pulse deficit? a. There is a difference between the radial and popliteal pulse rates. b. There is a difference between the apical and the femoral pulse rates. c. There is a difference between the apical and radial pulse rates d. There is a difference between the radial and carotid pulse rates.

c. There is a difference between the apical and radial pulse rates A pulse deficit is a difference between the radial and apical pulse rates, where the radial rate is less than the apical rate. It is confirmed by two nurses, one listening to the radial pulse and the other to the apical pulse at the same time using the same watch. The popliteal, femoral, and carotid pulse rates are not involved in a pulse deficit.

4. While doing an assessment on a patient, the nurse must assess blood flow to the foot and uses which pulse point to complete this assessment? a. Popliteal b. Brachial c. Radial d. Dorsalis pedis

d. Dorsalis pedis The dorsalis pedis is the pulse to be palpated for blood flow to the foot. The popliteal pulse indicates blood flow to the leg. The brachial pulse indicates blood flow to the arm. The radial pulse indicates blood flow to the hand.