Chapter 13

E

658. In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised the political stakes was A) economic prosperity. B) the Peggy Eaton affair. C) a lessening of political party organizations. D) the demise of the Whig Party. E) slavery.

E

659. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s A) divided the nation further. B) was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy. C) resulted in the Civil War. D) fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers. E) became an important part of the nation's checks and balances.

D

660. In the 1820s and 1830s the public's attitude regarding political parties A) grew more negative. B) saw little change from the early years of our nation. C) reinforced the belief of the Era of Good Feelings. D) accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life. E) none of the above.

B

661. The presidential election of 1824 A) was the first to use the electoral college. B) was the first one to see the election of a minority president. C) saw a record high voter turn-out show up at the polls. D) saw the formulation of well-organized political parties. E) was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.

E

662. By the 1840s voter participation in the presidential election reached A) nearly 50 percent. B) 25 percent. C) 40 percent. D) 15 percent. E) nearly 80 percent.

A

663. Match each individual below with the correct description. A. Andrew Jackson B. Henry Clay C. John C. Calhoun D. William Crawford 1. was vice president on the ticket of two presidential candidates in 1824 2. received more popular votes than any other candidate in 1824 3. was eliminated as a candidate when the election of 1824 was thrown into the House of Representatives A) A-2, B-3, C-1 B) A-2, B-1, D-3 C) B-1, C-3, D-2 D) A-3, C-2, D-1 E) A-1, B-2, D-3

A

664. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when A) no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College. B) William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race. C) the House was forced to do so by "King Caucus." D) Henry Clay, as Speaker of the House, made the request. E) widespread voter fraud was discovered.

C

665. John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed _______________ to become__________ . A) John C. Calhoun, vice president B) William Crawford, chief justice of the United States C) Henry Clay, secretary of state D) Daniel Webster, secretary of state E) John Eaton, secretary of the navy

C

666. As president, John Quincy Adams A) was more successful than as secretary of state B) adjusted to the New Democracy. C) was one of the least successful presidents in American history. D) put many of his supporters on the federal payroll. E) was successful in getting his programs enacted into law.

D

667. John Quincy Adams could be described as A) an excellent politician. B) a man who sought popular support. C) a politician with great tact. D) possessing almost none of the arts of the politician. E) a man of limited intelligence.

C

668. John Quincy Adams's weaknesses as president included all of the following except A) a deep nationalistic view. B) only one-third of the voters voted for him. C) his firing good office holders to appoint his own people. D) his sarcastic personality. E) he was tactless.

C

669. Andrew Jackson's political philosophy was based on his A) support of a strong central government. B) advocacy of the American System. C) suspicion of the federal government. D) opposition to the old antifederalist ideals. E) family's economic status.

B

670. Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the A) return of Jeffersonian simplicity. B) newly won ascendancy of the masses. C) supremacy of states' rights over federal power. D) involvement of state governments in the economy. E) act of style over substance.

C

671. The purpose behind the spoils system was A) to press those with experience into governmental service. B) to make politics a sideline and not a full-time business. C) to reward political supporters with public office. D) to reverse the trend of rotation in office. E) the widespread encouragement of a bureaucratic office-holding class.

D

672. The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in A) a clean sweep of federal job holders. B) the replacement of insecurity by security in employment. C) the destruction of the personalized political machine. D) the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs. E) the same actions of those taken by John Quincy Adams.

C

673. The people who proposed the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828 were A) supporters of John Quincy Adams. B) abolitionists. C) ardent supporters of Andrew Jackson. D) Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun. E) southern plantation owners.

D

674. The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was A) New England. B) the West. C) the Southwest. D) the South. E) the middle states.

B

675. Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because A) it would hurt their manufacturing sector. B) this same power could be used to suppress slavery. C) it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career. D) they were convinced that it would destroy the American woolen industry. E) it could damage the chances of the American System's success.

D

676. John C. Calhoun's "South Carolina Exposition" was an argument for A) secession. B) protective tariffs. C) majority rule. D) states' rights. E) trade with England.

C

677. The "nullification crisis" of 1832-1833 erupted over A) banking policy. B) internal improvements. C) tariff policy. D) public land sales. E) Indian policy.

A

678. The strong regional support for the Tariff of 1833 came from A) the South. B) New England. C) the middle Atlantic states. D) the West. E) the frontier.

E

679. The Force Bill of 1833 provided that A) the Congress could use the military for Indian removal. B) the Congress would employ the navy to stop smuggling. C) the President could use the army to collect excise taxes. D) the military could force citizens to track down runaway slaves. E) the President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties.

E

680. The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was A) Andrew Jackson. B) John C. Calhoun. C) John Quincy Adams. D) Daniel Webster. E) Henry Clay.

D

681. The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for A) South Carolina. B) Andrew Jackson and the Union. C) states' rights. D) neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers. E) the industrialists.

B

682. In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson A) hanged several of the nullifiers. B) dispatched military forces to South Carolina. C) asked Henry Clay for help. D) said nothing about nullification. E) sought help from the Supreme Court.

D

683. The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when A) Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance. B) the federal army crushed all resistance. C) Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill. D) Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833. E) South Carolina took over the collection of tariffs.

C

684. Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because A) the Indians assimilated too easily into white society. B) the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy. C) whites wanted the Indians' lands. D) Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands. E) they continued their attacks on white settlements.

B

685. In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except A) recognize the tribes as separate nations. B) argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society. C) try to civilize them. D) trick them into ceding land to whites. E) promise to acquire land only through formal treaties.

D

686. In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following except A) adopt a system of settled agriculture. B) develop a written constitution. C) become cotton planters. D) refuse to own slaves. E) develop a notion of private property.

C

687. The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was A) a war of genocide. B) gradual assimilation. C) forced removal. D) federal protection from state governments. E) to encourage them to preserve their traditional culture.

E

688. Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons except it A) minted gold and silver coins but issued no paper money. B) controlled much of the nation's gold and silver. C) was a private institution. D) foreclosed on many western farms. E) put public service first, not profits.

D

689. Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States except that A) the bank was antiwestern. B) it was controlled by an elite moneyed aristocracy. C) the bank was autocratic and tyrannical. D) it refused to lend money to politicians. E) profit, not public service, was its first priority.

C

690. One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was A) its officers' awareness of the bank's responsibilities to society. B) its preservation of the public trust. C) its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant. D) its issuance of depreciated paper money. E) that it loaned money to western farmers.

A

691. While in existence, the second Bank of the United States A) was the depository of the funds of the national government. B) irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes. C) limited economic growth by extending public credit. D) forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures. E) did little to help the economy.

B

692. Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was A) the first presidential veto. B) a major expansion of presidential power. C) unconstitutional. D) overturned by a two-thirds vote in Congress. E) supported by the Anti-Mason party.

D

693. Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on A) constitutional grounds exclusively. B) advice from Henry Clay. C) the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland decision. D) the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation. E) all of the above.

B

694. The Anti-Masonic party of 1832 appealed to A) the supporters of Andrew Jackson. B) American suspicions of secret societies. C) those who wished to keep the government from meddling in social and economic life. D) people opposed to the growing political power of evangelical Protestants. E) supporters of the American System.

B

695. Innovations in the election of 1832 included A) direct election of the president. B) adoption of written party platforms. C) election of the president by the House of Representatives. D) presidential nominations of "favorite sons" by state legislatures. E) abandonment of party conventions.

A

696. One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United States after the 1832 election was A) his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its recharter. B) his desire to halt the rising inflation rate that the bank had created before 1832. C) his desire to fight the Specie Circular, which hurt the West. D) that he lost money he had invested in it. E) all of the above.

A

697. Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except A) opponents of public education. B) backers of southern states' rights. C) large northern industrialists. D) many evangelical Protestants. E) backers of the American System.

A

698. The "cement" that held the Whig party together in its formative days was A) hatred of Andrew Jackson. B) support of the American System. C) opposition to the Anti-Masonic party. D) the desire for a strong president. E) opposition to the tariff.

C

699. The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by A) supporting Henry Clay. B) using smear tactics. C) forcing the election into the House of Representatives. D) emphasizing personality over issues. E) outspending their opponents.

E

700. The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following except A) rampant speculation. B) the Bank War. C) financial problems abroad. D) failure of wheat crops. E) taking the country off the gold standard.

B

701. The Whigs offered all of the following proposals for the remedies of the economic ills facing America in 1837 except A) expansion of bank credit. B) proposal of the "Divorce Bill." C) proposal of higher tariffs. D) proposal of subsidies for internal improvements. E) more active involvement on the part of the government.

B

702. Americans moved into Texas A) when invited by the Spanish government. B) after an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin. C) on Sam Houston's defeat of General Santa Anna. D) to spread Protestantism. E) after the Battle of San Jacinto.

C

703. The government of Mexico and the Americans who settled in Mexican-controlled Texas clashed over all of the following issues except A) slavery. B) immigration. C) allegiance to Spain. D) local rights. E) Santa Anna raising an army to use against Texas.

D

704. Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of A) Santa Anna. B) Goliad. C) the Alamo. D) San Jacinto. E) the Rio Grande.

C

705. Texas gained its independence with A) help from Britain. B) no outside assistance. C) help from Americans. D) the blessing of the Mexican government. E) help from the French.

A

706. Spanish authorities allowed Moses Austin to settle in Texas because A) they believed that Austin and his settlers might be able to civilize the territory. B) they believed that the militarily powerful Austin would otherwise have taken the land by force. C) Spanish control of the territory was a subject of dispute between Spain and the United States. D) Spain planned to sell the land to the United States. E) he paid them a sizeable sum of money.

C

707. One reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that A) the Mexicans opposed slavery. B) the Mexican government refused to allow the "Old Three Hundred" to purchase land. C) the Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian. D) the Anglo-Texans objected to the Mexican government's execution of Stephen Austin. E) the Mexicans tried to establish slavery among the Americans.

B

708. Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because A) Texans did not want to be annexed to the United States. B) antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery. C) they were old political opponents of the Texas president, Sam Houston. D) public opinion in the United States opposed annexation. E) they feared war with Mexico's ally, Spain.

B

709. Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from A) New England. B) the South and Southwest. C) the Old Northwest. D) the middle Atlantic states. E) the Ohio Territory.

C

710. The "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 campaign slogan was A) Daniel Webster. B) Martin Van Buren. C) William Harrison. D) Nicholas Biddle. E) Henry Clay.

C

711. William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was A) a true "common man." B) a very effective chief executive. C) made to look like a poor western farmer. D) born in a log cabin. E) the first military officer to become president.

C

712. Both the Democratic party and the Whig party A) favored a renewed national bank. B) supported federal restraint in social and economic affairs. C) were mass-based political parties. D) clung to states' rights policies. E) feared the rise of the Anti-Masonic party.

D

713. The two political parties of the Jacksonian era tended to A) promote sectionalism over nationalism. B) take radical and extreme positions on issues. C) take similar positions on issues such as banking. D) be socially and geographically diverse. E) be socially exclusive but geographically diverse.

B

714. Life on the frontier was A) fairly comfortable for women but not for men. B) downright grim for most pioneer families. C) free of disease and premature death. D) rarely portrayed in popular literature. E) based on tight-knit communities.