Chapter 13
What was the first act passed by Congress to control drugs? What were its main provisions?
1906 Pure food and drugs Act; prohibited interstate commerce in mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs
Pure Food and Drugs Act
1906 law that prohibited interstate commerce in mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs. Among the substances targeted by the law were marihuana, cocaine, heroin, and opium. This act was administered by the Department of Agriculture.
Narcotic Drug Control Act
1956 law that called for the increased penalties for illicit use of these drugs. Stiff jail sentences went to all but first-time offenders and anyone who sold drugs to a minor faces the death penalty. This law also had another important feature. If a new drug came into the marketplace that had a potential for abuse, a recommendations to control it could be made by the FDA to Secretary of Heath, Education and Welfare.
Crack
A form of cocaine-free base that is smoked.
Barbiturate
A group of chemical substances based on the compounds barbituric acid and thiobarbituric.
Drug
A natural or synthetic substance that is designed to produce a specific set of psychological or physiological effects on the human body or, in some cases, other animals.
What is "speed?" What family of substances does it belong to? Where is it scheduled?
Amphetamine, Stimulant; II
Harrison Act
An Act to provide for the registration of, with collectors of internal revenue, and to impose a special tax upon all persons who produce, import, manufacture, compound, deal in, dispense or give away opium or coca leaves, their salts, derivatives, or preparations, and for other purposes.
Useable quantity
An amount of a drug that is likely to have a demonstrable psychoactive effect on an average person.
What is the significance of a "useable quantity" in drug control? Give an example.
An amount of drug that is likely to have a demonstrable psychoactive effect on an average person. Mere traces not enough to prosecute. ex. 0.02 heroin
When a clandestine lab is raided and no final product is found, what charge is usually levied against the perpetrators? What must be proven is such cases?
Attempted Manufacture. They must prove that the final product could have been produced with the chemicals, apparatus, and recipes that were found at the lab.
The analysis of marihuana is considered an exception to the general scheme of analysis of drugs, especially those in powdered mixtures. Why is this so? What are the differences?
Can be confirmed with microscopy and color test, no instrumental analysis required
Stimulants
Drugs that elevate one's mood. They help people feel better who are sad or depressed. They give people extra energy.
Narcotics
Drugs with the ability to relieve pain and cause sleep.
Flashbacks
Episodes of hallucinations moths or years after a dose of the drug was taken. Happens mainly with LSD.
What tests are used for the confirmation of drugs?
GC/MS, FTIR
Explain how mass spec is used for confirmation of illicit drugs?
If pure the FTIR if seperation is needed Mass spec
Controlled Substances
Illicit and licit drugs that are controlled by the federal and state statutes by putting them in one of five (or more) schedules.
LSD is considered unique in the family of illicit drugs. Why? How does its occurrence differ from other drugs?
LSD is considered unique in the family of illicit drugs why? how does its occurrence differ from other drugs Absorable through the skin, it is poured onto blotter paper
Give an example of a spot or field test and the drug or class of drugs it is used on. When are these tests used?
Marquis, Heroin (opium derviatives), screening or field test
What are the four major classes of illicit drugs? Give examples.
Naturally Occurring-Marihuana Plant Extracts-Cocaine Semisynthetic-Heroin,LSD Synthetic-Amphetamines, PCP
What schedule would drugs that require a doctor's prescription and which are not listed in another schedule, be put in?
Schedule Four
Excipients
Substances that may mimic the activity of the main illicit drug present in order to make it more difficult for the user to know just how much of the drug there really is in the exhibit.
Drug Abuse
When people take drugs for purposes other than for which they are intended, usually for their psychoactive effects.
What is meant by the term "aggregate weight" as it applies to drug control. Give an example.
The weight of the drug and any cutting agents present
What is a semisynthetic drug? Give an example.
They are derived chemically from a naturally occurring substance.
Comprehensive Controlled Substances Act of 1970
This law put all controlled substances in the Federal realm. This meant that the Federal Gov't could prosecute anyone for a drug offense regardless of whether interstate trafficking was involved and irrespective of state laws.
Uniform Controlled Substances Act
Under this 1976 Act, states use the same scheduling system for controlling illicit drugs. Some states have added schedules, changed the specific drugs within a schedule or have changed penalties for possession or distribution of drugs, but the basic framework remains the same as for the federal laws.
What is an excipient? What is its purpose?
What is an excipient , its purpose Substances that may mimic the activity of the main illicit drug present in order to make it more difficult for the user to known just how much of the drug there really is in the exhibit
What is a diluent? Why are they used? Give an example.
chemicals that are used to dilute an illicit drug to give it more bulk, cuts purity increases profits
When will a drug be put in Schedule 1?
has a high potential abuse and dependence; no medical uses
What are the two major criteria for deciding if a drug shall be put in a Federal Schedule?
physical addiction, medical uses
What was the Harrison Act? What was its purpose? What drugs was it aimed at principally?
to provide the registration with collectors of irs and to impose a special tax upon all persons who produce, import manufacture, compound deal in dispense or give away opium, or coca leaves their salts /derivatives