Chapter 13

One deciliter (dL) is equivalent to: A) 10 mL B) 1000 mL C) 0.1 mL D) 100 mL

100 mL

There is 0.5 mg/10 mL of epinephrine in an auto-injector. How many milligrams (mg) would you deliver if you administered 5 milliliters (mL)? A) 0.5 B) 0.25 C) 2.5 D) 5.0

0.25

500 micrograms (µg) is equal to: A) 0.5 mg. B) 0.05 mg. C) 0.005 mg. D) 5 mg.

0.5 mg

If you have an epinephrine concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, how many milligrams would be present in 5 mL? A) 0.005 mg B) 0.5 mg C) 0.05 mg D) 5 mg

0.5 mg

The concentration of sodium in the cells of the body is approximately: A) 0.45%. B) 0.225%. C) 0.9%. D) 9.0%.

0.9%

You have a prefilled syringe containing 25g of dextrose in 50 mL of volume. How many milligrams of dextrose are present in each milliliter? A) 0.5 mg B) 5000 mg C) 2500 mg D) 500 mg

500 mg

Unlike IM or SC injections, intravenously administered drugs rapidly affect the body because: A) their strength doubles as they enter the bloodstream. B) they do not have to pass through the liver. C) they are excreted from the body more slowly. D) they bypass most barriers to drug absorption.

they bypass most barriers to drug absorption.

Which of the following represents a "standard" drug dose? A) 0.5 g/kg B) 1 mg C) 1 mg/kg D) 0.25 mg/kg

1 mg

You respond to an apartment complex for an unconscious male. When you arrive, the patient's friend tells you that he overdosed on heroin. Following your local protocol, you administer 2 mg of naloxone. You have 1 mL ampules of naloxone that contain 0.4 mg per ampule. How many ampules will you have to use? A) 4 B) 1 C) 5 D) 2

5

After starting an IV on a patient, you set the flow at a "KVO" rate. How many drops per minute does this rate deliver? A) 15 to 25 B) 7 to 12 C) 8 to 15 D) 3 to 8

8-15

Which of the following electrolytes determines whether or not the body is acidotic or alkalotic? A) Phosphorus B) Calcium C) Bicarbonate D) Sodium

Bicarbonate

In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, what is the MOST appropriate management for a patient with circulatory overload caused by excessive IV fluid administration? A) Head lowered, medical control notified B) Trendelenburg's position, event documented C) Head elevated, medical control notified D) Lateral recumbent position, event documented

Head elevated, medical control notified

While starting an IV on a patient, you see bright red blood quickly traveling up the IV tubing. You should: A) lower the IV bag to ensure viability of the IV line. B) secure the IV line and apply direct pressure. C) evaluate the puncture site for signs of infiltration. D) remove the catheter and apply direct pressure.

remove the catheter and apply direct pressure.

A stable patient requires an IV line in the event that medication therapy is needed. When selecting the appropriate vein, you should first attempt to cannulate the: A) lateral forearm vein. B) vein on the hand. C) medial forearm vein. D) antecubital vein.

vein on the hand

If used in pediatric patients, butterfly catheters are commonly placed in the: A) anterior forearm. B) antecubital vein. C) veins of the scalp. D) back of the hand.

veins in the scalp

Once the protective wrap is removed from a bag of IV fluid, the fluid must be used: A) within 36 hours. B) immediately. C) within 48 hours. D) within 24 hours.

within 24 hours

When administering a medication via the intranasal route with a mucosal atomizer device, it is important to remember that: A) you must spray half of the medication dose into each nostril. B) the patient must be conscious for this route to be effective. C) it will absorb slower than if given via intramuscular injection. D) at least half of the drug must be diluted in normal saline.

you must spray half of the medication dose into each nostril

You have been requested to infuse 1,000 mL of lactated ringers over six hours. You have macrodrip (10 gtts/mL) tubing and a 16-gauge IV catheter. At how many drops per minute will you set the IV flow rate? A) 28 B) 24 C) 26 D) 22

28

Prior to administering oral glucose to your diabetic patient, you look at the dosage, which reads 15g. How many milligrams is this equivalent to? A) 15,000 B) 150,000 C) 1,500 D) 150

A) 15,000

Which of the following techniques is appropriate when cannulating a vein? A) Apply traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side down at a 45° angle. B) Apply traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side up at a 45° angle. C) Avoid traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side down at a 90° angle. D) Avoid traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side up at a 45° angle.

Apply traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side up at a 45° angle.

You respond to a residence where a 5-year-old male has ingested an unknown substance. Upon arrival at the scene, the child's mother tells you that her son swallowed approximately 20 Tylenol capsules. What is the MOST logical way of determining how much this child weighs? A) Estimate the child's weight based on his age. B) Ask the mother if she knows the weight of her son. C) Determine the child's weight based on his height. D) Use a length-based resuscitation tape.

Ask the mother if she knows the weight of her son.

During the IV procedure, when is it MOST appropriate to apply the constricting band? A) Before you cleanse the venipuncture site. B) After you cleanse the venipuncture site. C) After you insert the catheter into the vein. D) When you assemble the IV equipment.

Before you cleanse the venipuncture site.

Which of the following electrolytes is essential for the distribution of water throughout the body? A) Chloride B) Sodium C) Calcium D) Potassium

Sodium

Which of the following statements regarding subcutaneous injections is correct? A) The deltoid muscle is the most common location for a subcutaneous injection. B) Subcutaneous injections are usually given with a 24-gauge to 26-gauge needle C) The needle is inserted at a 90° angle when giving a subcutaneous injection. D) Volumes of less than 10 mL are usually given by the subcutaneous route.

Subcutaneous injections are usually given with a 24-gauge to 26-gauge needle

Which of the following represents the correct formula for determining how many drops (gtts) per minute to set your IV at? A) Volume in liters, multiplied by the gtts/mL of the administration set, divided by the total number of hours over which the fluid will be infused. B) Volume in milliliters, multiplied by the gtts/mL of the administration set, divided by the total number of minutes over which the fluid will be infused C) Volume in milliliters, divided by the gtts/mL of the administration set, multiplied by the total number of minutes over which the fluid will be infused. D) Volume in liters, divided by the gtts/mL of the administration set, divided by the total number of hours over which the fluid will be infused.

Volume in milliliters, multiplied by the gtts/mL of the administration set, divided by the total number of minutes over which the fluid will be infused

Which of the following is NOT a crystalloid? A) Normal saline B) Lactated ringers C) Five percent dextrose in water D) Whole blood

Whole blood

The term "bolus" is defined as: A) administering less than 10 mL of volume. B) delivering a drug via maintenance infusion. C) administering a drug in one mass of volume. D) administering at least 20 mL of volume.

administering a drug in one mass of volume.

Which of the following is a systemic complication associated with IV therapy? A) Infiltration B) Phlebitis C) Hematoma D) Air embolus

air embolus

Third spacing is defined as: A) a collection of blood within the liver, spleen, or pancreas. B) an abnormal fluid shift into the serous linings of the body. C) cellular destruction secondary to a massive influx of water. D) a loss of body water caused by severe vomiting or diarrhea

an abnormal fluid shift into the serous linings of the body.

Major cations in the body include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) calcium. B) sodium. C) potassium. D) bicarbonate.

bicarbonate.

An ion that has an overall positive charge is called a/an: A) buffer. B) electrolyte. C) anion. D) cation.

cation

Compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane will move across it to an area of lower concentration to maintain balance on both sides of the cell wall. This process is called: A) active transport. B) osmosis. C) diffusion. D) filtration.

diffusion.

After removing the stylet from the IV catheter, you should next: A) attach the prepared IV line to the catheter. B) remove the constricting band from the patient's arm. C) occlude the proximal end of the catheter to prevent blood leaking. D) dispose of the needle in the appropriate container.

dispose of the needle in the appropriate container.

Substances that become charged particles when they disassociate in water are called: A) organic molecules. B) permeable cells. C) inorganic molecules. D) electrolytes.

electrolytes

When attaching an administration set to a bag of IV fluid and priming the IV tubing, you should ensure that the drip chamber is: A) one fourth full. B) completely full. C) three fourths full. D) one half full.

one half full

Which of the following IV catheters would deliver the largest volume of fluid? A) 2 ¼" 16-gauge catheter B) 1 ¼" 20-gauge catheter C) 1 ¼" 14-gauge catheter D) 2 ¼" 18-gauge catheter

1 ¼" 14-gauge catheter

The MOST appropriate administration set to use for a patient who requires rapid fluid replacement is one that delivers 1 mL of IV fluid per: A) 20 drops. B) 15 drops. C) 60 drops. D) 10 drops.

10 drops.

A 7-year-old child has swallowed a bottle of aspirin. Medical control orders you to give the child 0.5 g/kg of activated charcoal. Based on the child's weight of 45 pounds, how much charcoal will you administer? A) 20 g B) 5 g C) 10 g D) 15 g

10 g

How many grams are present in 25 mL of 50% dextrose (D50)? A) 6.25 g B) 50 g C) 12.5 g D) 25 g

12.5 g

A 44-year-old man is experiencing a ventricular dysrhythmia. Medical control orders your paramedic partner to administer 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine to the patient, who weighs 185 pounds. Lidocaine is supplied in a concentration of 100 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should your partner administer to this patient? A) 10.4 mL B) 12.2 mL C) 11.5 mL D) 12.6 mL

12.6 mL

A 30-year-old construction worker lacerated his brachial artery and has lost a significant amount of blood. His blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 130 beats/min. Which of the following IV catheters would be MOST appropriate for this patient? A) 24-22 gauge B) There is no preferred IV catheter size in this situation. C) 20-18 gauge D) 16-14 gauge

16-14 gauge

How many pounds does a 90-kg patient weigh? A) 186 lb B) 189 lb C) 194 lb D) 198 lb

198 lbs

A severely injured patient has lost approximately 750 mL of blood. What is the appropriate volume of crystalloid solution to administer to the patient? A) 1,000 mL B) 2,250 mL C) 1,500 mL D) 750 mL

2,250 mL

During an attempted resuscitation of a 9-year-old boy in cardiac arrest, your paramedic partner asks you to prepare epinephrine in a dose of 0.01 mg/kg. The child's mother tells you that he weighs approximately 65 pounds. You have a prefilled syringe of epinephrine containing 1 mg in 10 mL. How many milliliters should be administered to this child? A) 3 mL B) 3.5 mL C) 4 mL D) 4.5 mL

3 mL

You are performing an interfacility transport of a patient that will take approximately 15 minutes. The patient has an IV line of normal saline set at a rate of 125 mL/hr. What is the approximate total fluid amount this patient will receive during the transport? A) 25 mL B) 35 mL C) 40 mL D) 30 mL

30 mL

Medical control has ordered you to start an IV on a dehydrated patient and administer normal saline at a rate of 200 mL/hr. Using macrodrip (10 gtts/mL) tubing and an 18-gauge catheter, how many drops per minute will you set the flow rate at? A) 46 B) 66 C) 33 D) 74

33

You receive an order from medical control to start an IV of lactated ringers and administer 150 mL/hr. Using macrodrip (15 gtts/mL) tubing, how many drops per minute will you set the flow rate at? A) 40 B) 44 C) 38 D) 42

38

A 40-year-old female requires a medication to decrease her heart rate. The medication to be administered is supplied in a prefilled syringe in a concentration of 6 mg/2 mL. How many milliliters are required to achieve a dose of 12 mg? A) 2 mL B) 8 mL C) 6 mL D) 4 mL

4 mL

You have set an IV to deliver 250 mL of normal saline over three hours using microdrip tubing. How much fluid are you delivering every 30 minutes? A) 36 mL B) 56 mL C) 42 mL D) 64 mL

42 mL

A microdrip administration set features a small, needle-like orifice inside the drip chamber and delivers: A) 60 gtts/mL. B) 100 gtts/mL. C) 15 gtts/mL. D) 10 gtts/mL.

60 gtts/mL

What percentage of water accounts for the total body weight? A) 80% B) 50% C) 60% D) 70%

60%

What is the approximate weight in kilograms of a 155 lb patient? A) 74 kg B) 72 kg C) 70 kg D) 76 kg

70 kg

When choosing an IV site on an elderly patient, you should: A) know that varicose veins allow minimal circulation. B) always cannulate veins in the antecubital fossa. C) cannulate a sclerosed vein since it is less likely to infiltrate. D) choose a vein that weaves back and forth.

A) know that varicose veins allow minimal circulation.

Which of the following medications or solutions can be administered through an intraosseous line? A) Hypertonic drugs and fluids only B) Whole blood and cardiac medications only C) Normal saline and hypotonic drugs only D) Anything that you can administer via an IV

Anything that you can administer via an IV

You are transporting an elderly man to the hospital because of complications associated with his congestive heart failure. Approximately 20 minutes after starting an IV of normal saline on the patient, he begins to complain of shortness of breath. You auscultate his lungs and hear rales in all lung fields. What should you do? A) Assess him for internal hemorrhage. B) Place the patient in a supine position. C) Immediately discontinue the IV. D) Check the flow rate of the IV line.

Check the flow rate of the IV line.

Which of the following is a major anion in the body? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Chloride

Chloride

Which of the following statements regarding intraosseous infusion is correct? A) Manual IO insertion is performed by approaching the bone at a 45° angle. B) Intraosseous needles consist of a solid boring needle inside a hollow Teflon catheter C) Compared to an IV line, fluid does not flow well into the bone because of resistance D) The incidence of osteomyelitis is high following intraosseous infusion.

Compared to an IV line, fluid does not flow well into the bone because of resistance

What is the difference between a crystalloid and a colloid solution? A) Crystalloids contain large protein molecules. B) Crystalloids do not contain large protein molecules. C) Colloids poorly expand the vascular compartment. D) Colloids rapidly move from the vascular space.

Crystalloids do not contain large protein molecules.

During a long distance transport, you initiate an IV of normal saline and infuse 125 mL over 2 hours. Using microdrip tubing, how many drops per minute (gtts/min) is your IV flow rate set at? A) 53 gtts/min B) 58 gtts/min C) 39 gtts/min D) 63 gtts/min

D) 63 gtts/min

A 70-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and dizziness. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg when he is sitting, 96/56 mm Hg when he is standing. His heart rate is 120 beats/min and his skin is flushed and dry. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's signs and symptoms? A) Overhydration B) Kidney failure C) Liver failure D) Dehydration

Dehydration

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to result in overhydration? A) Unmonitored IV B) Prolonged hypoventilation C) Excessive GI drainage D) Kidney failure

Excessive GI drainage

A patient with congestive heart failure requires medication administration. Which of the following IV solutions would be MOST appropriate to use? A) Five percent dextrose in water B) Lactated ringers C) Normal saline D) An isotonic colloid

Five percent dextrose in water

Which of the following is the MOST significant complication associated with IV therapy in geriatric patients? A) Easily infiltrated veins. B) Fluid overloading. C) Fluid extravasation. D) Massive hematoma.

Fluid extravasation.

Although painful and difficult to manage, what is the location of choice for starting IVs in pediatric patients? A) Hand vein B) Foot vein C) Forearm vein D) Antecubital vein

Hand vein

A 70-year-old female presents with generalized muscle weakness; lethargy; and hot, flushed skin. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances should you suspect? A) Hypernatremia B) Hyperkalemia C) Hypocalcemia D) Hyperclacemia

Hypercalcemia

A 50-year-old patient complains of abdominal muscle cramps and spasms of his hands. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances does this patient MOST likely have? A) Hypocalcemia B) Hyperkalemia C) Hypernatremia D) Hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

A solution that hydrates the cells while depleting the vascular compartment is referred to as being: A) hypotonic. B) hypertonic. C) hyperosmolar. D) isotonic.

Hypotonic

An intraosseous line should be inserted in a critical patient if: A) IV access is unsuccessful after three attempts. B) you cannot establish IV access within three minutes. C) the patient will require a whole blood transfusion. D) you cannot readily see a visible peripheral vein.

IV access is unsuccessful after three attempts.

__________ fluid accounts for approximately 16% of the body's total weight. A) extracellular B) intracellular C) intravascular D) interstitial

Interstitial

You respond to a call for an unresponsive diabetic. Upon arrival, you find a 23-year-old female unresponsive on her couch. During your assessment, you determine that her blood glucose level is 38 mg/dL. You attempt to start an IV, but are unsuccessful after several attempts. Which of the following routes could be used as a last resort to administer 50% dextrose? A) Intraosseous B) Oral C) Intralingual D) Subcutaneous

Intraosseous

Which of the following routes is the quickest for getting medication into the central circulation? A) Intramuscular B) Intravenous C) Subcutaneous D) Intranasal

Intravenous

What is the MOST significant drawback to cannulating a scalp vein in a child with a butterfly catheter? A) It is aesthetically unpleasant. B) It does not allow for rapid fluid administration. C) It causes apprehension for the family. D) Scalp veins are often difficult to cannulate.

It does not allow for rapid fluid administration.

What role does phosphorus play in the body? A) It is responsible for the distribution of water throughout the body. B) It is an important component in the formation of adenosine triphosphate. C) It is the principle cation needed for bone development. D) It is the primary buffer in the body.

It is an important component in the formation of adenosine triphosphate.

Why should five percent dextrose in water (D5W) be avoided in patients with severe brain trauma? A) It would cause fluid to shift out of the cells. B) It may increase intracranial pressure. C) Severe overhydration may occur. D) It may cause a sudden drop in intracranial pressure.

It may increase intracranial pressure.

A 29-year-old female experiences shortness of breath, urticaria, and bilateral wheezing shortly after you started an IV of normal saline. How should you manage this situation? A) Discontinue the IV and remove the catheter. B) Change the IV tubing and continue the IV. C) Place her on her left side with her head down. D) Leave the catheter in place and remove the solution.

Leave the catheter in place and remove the solution.

Which of the following formulas would you use to convert a larger unit of weight to a smaller one? A) Multiply the larger unit of weight by 1,000. B) Divide the smaller unit of weight by 1,000. C) Move the decimal point 3 places to the left. D) Move the decimal point 4 places to the right.

Multiply the larger unit of weight by 1,000

Which of the following potential complications of IV therapy are you LEAST likely to encounter in the prehospital setting? A) Infiltration B) Occlusion C) Phlebitis D) Vein irritation

Phlebitis

You are transporting a patient with an IV of D5W. Which of the following signs would be atypical of infiltration? A) Redness around the IV site B) Tightness and pain around the IV site C) Edema at the catheter site D) IV flow despite occlusion proximal to the IV site

Redness around the IV site

How does lactated ringers solution help combat intracellular acidosis associated with severe blood loss? A) It has the same chemical components that are contained in bicarbonate. B) It overhydrates the patient and forces hydrogen ions from the body. C) The lactate is metabolized by the liver to form bicarbonate. D) It draws hydrogen ions into the intravascular space and sends them to the kidneys.

The lactate is metabolized by the liver to form bicarbonate.

What physiologic response causes a vasovagal reaction? A) Vasodilation and an increase in blood pressure B) Vasoconstriction and a decrease in blood pressure C) Vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate D) Vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure

Vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure

After inserting the needle into the injection port of a saline lock, you pull back on the plunger and observe blood return in the syringe. You should next: A) administer the medication and observe for infiltration. B) flush the saline lock with normal saline before giving the drug. C) remove the needle and prepare a new syringe. D) administer the medication via IM injection instead.

administer the medication and observe for infiltration

A breakable glass container that is designed to carry a single medication dose is called a/an: A) aboject. B) tubex. C) vial. D) ampule.

ampule

Factors that can cause an insufficient or absent flow of fluid through an IV line include: A) an IV bag that is placed too low. B) small air bubbles in the IV line. C) a drip chamber that is half full. D) an IV bag that is placed too high.

an IV bag that is placed too low.

An over-the-needle catheter is commonly referred to as a/an: A) butterfly catheter. B) arteriocath. C) intracath. D) angiocath.

angiocath

Butterfly catheters are MOST useful for adult patients who require: A) blood administration. B) large fluid volumes. C) blood drawing only. D) cannulation of a scalp vein.

blood drawing only.

When starting an IV on an elderly patient, you should be aware that: A) varicose veins are often the easiest veins to cannulate. B) the patient's skin is often thick and difficult to puncture. C) certain medications can create fragile skin and veins. D) larger IV catheters minimize the risk of extravasation.

certain medications can create fragile skin and veins.

After starting an IV on a patient in shock, the AEMT accidentally gets stuck with the IV needle. This is referred to as a/an: A) communicable stick. B) contaminated stick. C) infectious exposure. D) disease contraction.

contanimated stick

When selecting the most appropriate site for IV cannulation, you should avoid veins that: A) have a rounded appearance. B) are springy when palpated. C) cross or lie over joints. D) have the straightest appearance.

cross or lie over joints.

When replacing lost volume with crystalloids, it is important to remember that: A) one-third of the fluid will leave the vascular spaces within an hour. B) one mL should be given for every 3 mL of estimated blood loss. C) crystalloids do not have the capacity of carrying oxygen. D) giving too little fluid may interfere with the process of hemostasis.

crystalloids do not have the capacity of carrying oxygen.

After inserting an IV catheter into a vein, you should: A) decrease the angle of the catheter to 45° and insert the catheter 1" farther. B) decrease the angle of the catheter to 15° and insert the catheter a few mm farther. C) keep the angle of the catheter at 45° and slide the catheter off the needle. D) increase the angle of the catheter to 90° and insert the catheter a few mm farther.

decrease the angle of the catheter to 15° and insert the catheter a few mm farther.

A hypertonic solution is one that: A) draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell. B) has a minimal risk of causing overhydration. C) causes no shift in fluid on either side of the cell. D) pulls fluid and electrolytes into the cell

draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell.

You have inserted an IV catheter into a vein in a patient's hand and have secured the IV line appropriately. You assess the flow of the IV and note that it is not flowing. You should FIRST: A) lower the IV bag to see if blood flows up the IV tubing. B) immediately stop the infusion and apply pressure. C) gently manipulate the catheter until the IV starts flowing. D) ensure that the constricting band has been released.

ensure that the constricting band has been released.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolus include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) respiratory distress. B) tachycardia. C) oxygen-refractory cyanosis. D) facial flushing

facial flushing

A potential complication of intraosseous infusion is compartment syndrome. This occurs when: A) fluid leaks out of the bone and engorges the veins in proximity to the bone. B) fluid leaks out of the bone and into the osteofascial compartment. C) swelling occurs within the canal of the bone and compromises circulation. D) medication is trapped within the bone canal and causes local destruction.

fluid leaks out of the bone and into the osteofascial compartment.

Sclerosis of a vein is caused by: A) atherosclerosis. B) use of elicit drugs. C) frequent cannulation. D) infrequent cannulation.

frequent cannulation

Perfusion occurs in the capillaries as a result of __________ hydrostatic pressures and __________ in the capillary beds. A) high, diffusion B) high, osmosis C) low, diffusion D) low, osmosis

high, osmosis

Severe hyperkalemia can result in: A) decreased muscle function. B) severe dehydration as a result of water loss. C) gastrointestinal disturbances. D) hyperstimulation of neural transmission.

hyperstimulation of neural transmission.

A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than does the cell is referred to as being: A) hyperosmolar. B) hypertonic. C) hypotonic. D) isotonic.

hypertonic

A solution that results in water flowing into a cell, causing it to burst, is referred to as being: A) hypotonic. B) isotonic. C) hyperosmolar. D) hypertonic.

hypotonic.

Once the "pigtail" that covers the access port of a bag of IV fluid has been removed, the fluid must be used: A) within 12 hours. B) within 36 hours. C) within 24 hours. D) immediately.

immediately

The purpose of a constricting band when starting an IV is to: A) reduce lymphatic return to the puncture site. B) increase venous pressure at the puncture site. C) decrease the flow of venous blood at the puncture site. D) impede arterial flow to the puncture site.

increase venous pressure at the puncture site.

Which of the following steps for drawing medication from a vial is NOT necessary when drawing medication from an ampule? A) Injecting air into the container before withdrawing the drug. B) Looking at the container to ensure the appropriate concentration. C) Checking the expiration date and clarity of the drug. D) Expelling air bubbles from the syringe prior to giving the drug.

injecting air into the container before withdrawing the drug

Reconstituting a drug, such as glucagon, involves: A) injecting liquid from one vial into another vial that contains liquid medication. B) injecting liquid from one vial into another vial that already contains powder. C) diluting a medication with at least 20 mL of saline prior to administration. D) placing at least 10 mL of saline into a vial that contains powdered medication.

injecting liquid from one vial into another vial that already contains powder

Actions taken after administering a medication to a patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) inquiring about drug allergies. B) carefully assessing the patient. C) documenting the time the drug was given. D) notifying medical control of any changes.

inquiring about drug allergies

When inserting an IV into the external jugular vein, you should: A) ensure that the patient is sitting in a fully upright position. B) use the same technique that you use for any other IV. C) insert the catheter with the tip pointing toward the shoulder. D) insert the catheter with the tip pointing toward the head.

insert the catheter with the tip pointing toward the shoulder.

When administering nitroglycerin via the sublingual route, you should: A) instruct the patient not to chew or swallow the medication. B) avoid allowing the medication to dissolve too slowly. C) slowly inject the medication into the tongue. D) place the medication between the cheek and gum.

instruct the patient not to chew or swallow the medication

The majority of the body's potassium is found within the: A) intracellular fluid. B) interstitial fluid. C) extracellular fluid. D) intravascular fluid.

intracellular fluid

An anion is an: A) ion with an overall positive charge. B) ion with both a negative and positive charge. C) ion with an overall negative charge. D) electrolyte with a neutral charge.

ion with an overall negative charge.

Five percent dextrose in water (D5W) is an isotonic solution until it: A) is administered to a patient. B) is mixed with a hypotonic medication. C) is shaken to mix the ingredients. D) has expired and is no longer active.

is administered to a patient.

The most commonly carried IV solutions in the prehospital setting are: A) hypertonic colloids. B) hypotonic crystalloids. C) isotonic crystalloids. D) hypotonic colloids.

isotonic cyrstalloids

Compared to a 16-gauge catheter, a 22-gauge catheter would be more appropriate for an elderly patient because: A) larger fluid volumes can be administered. B) the risk of catheter shear is much lower. C) it reduces the risk of fluid extravasation. D) it more easily penetrates their tough skin.

it reduces the risk of fluid extravasation.

Filtration, a type of diffusion, is commonly used to clean the blood via the: A) pancreas. B) spleen. C) kidneys. D) liver.

kidneys

You have attempted to cannulate a vein in a patient's hand; however, shortly after inserting the IV catheter, the vein infiltrates. You should: A) look for a vein that is proximal to the infiltrated vein. B) search for a vein in the opposite extremity. C) reattempt to cannulate the same vein when the swelling subsides. D) attempt to cannulate the distal part of the same vein.

look for a vein that is proximal to the infiltrated vein.

Following administration of an amiodarone bolus, your paramedic partner begins a continuous infusion. This is necessary in order to: A) maintain a therapeutic blood level of the drug. B) slow excretion of the drug by the renal system. C) decrease the therapeutic index of the medication. D) ensure clearance of the drug from the body.

maintain a therapeutic blood level of the drug.

The term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient when performing an invasive procedure is called: A) medical asepsis. B) sterile technique. C) universal precautions. D) standard precautions.

medical asepsis.

Which of the following is the smallest unit of weight? A) Gram B) Microgram C) Milligram D) Kilogram

microgram

To calculate a drug dosage, you must know the weight of the drug present in each: A) deciliter. B) dekaliter. C) milliliter. D) liter.

milliliter

Osmosis is defined as the: A) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. B) movement of water to an area of lower concentration. C) passive transport of molecules across the cell membrane. D) diffusion of molecules across a cell membrane.

movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

In order to prevent catheter shear when starting an IV, you should: A) never rethread the needle into the catheter. B) place the patient on their side prior to starting the IV. C) insert the IV in a vein where the catheter cannot bend. D) use an 18-gauge or smaller catheter.

never rethread the needle into the catheter.

An isotonic solution is one that causes: A) water to flow into the cell. B) no change in the shape of the cell. C) water to be drawn out of the cell. D) the cell to swell and eventually burst.

no change in the shape of the cell

Shortly after starting an IV on a patient with a possible femur fracture, the patient experiences a sudden onset of shortness of breath and develops cyanosis. After reassessing airway patency and breathing adequacy, you should position the patient: A) in Trendelenburg's position. B) on the left side with the head elevated. C) on the left side with the head down. D) in a semi-Fowler's position.

on the left side with the head down.

As an AEMT, the MOST commonly inhaled medication you will administer is: A) oxygen. B) Albuterol. C) Ventolin. D) Alupent.

oxygen

Contraindications for intraosseous infusion include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) patients who are in cardiac arrest or status epilepticus. B) fracture of the bone in which you will place the catheter. C) the ability to obtain IV access within 90 seconds. D) successful cannulation of a large antecubital vein.

patients who are in cardiac arrest or status epilepticus.

Other than oxygen, prior to administering any medication to a patient, you must take standard precautions and then: A) perform a careful assessment of the patient. B) determine the patient's family medical history. C) check the expiration date of the medication. D) administer the medication as soon as possible.

perform a careful assessment of the patient.

After inserting the needle into the injection port of an IV line, but before administering the medication, you should: A) pinch off the tubing proximal to the injection port. B) withdraw on the plunger of the syringe to detect blood. C) explain the procedure to the patient and obtain consent. D) flush the line with a 20 mL bolus of normal saline.

pinch off the tubing proximal to the injection port.

An example of intravascular fluid is: A) cerebrospinal fluid. B) plasma. C) amniotic fluid. D) intraocular fluid.

plasma

A glass drug cartridge and syringe are components of a/an: A) prefilled syringe. B) Mix-o-Vial. C) vial. D) ampule.

prefilled syringe.

The MOST common site for intraosseous cannulation is the: A) lateral femur. B) proximal tibia. C) tibial tuberosity. D) distal tibia.

proximal tibia

You are attempting to start an IV in a vein on the back of your patient's hand. As you insert the catheter, the patient complains of sudden, severe shooting pain followed by numbness in the extremity. You should: A) remove the catheter and choose another site. B) lift the IV catheter to a 45° angle. C) assure the patient the symptoms are normal. D) carefully continue with the venipuncture.

remove the catheter and choose another site.

Following insertion of a needle into a patient's skin to administer an intramuscular injection, you pull back on the plunger and note the presence of blood in the syringe. You should: A) advance the needle 1 cm further and administer the drug. B) slightly withdraw the needle and administer the drug. C) administer the medication since this is a normal finding. D) remove the needle and apply pressure to the site.

remove the needle and apply pressure to the site

Following insertion of a needle into a patient's skin to administer an intramuscular injection, you pull back on the plunger and note the presence of blood in the syringe. You should: A) advance the needle 1 cm further and administer the drug. B) slightly withdraw the needle and administer the drug. C) remove the needle and apply pressure to the site. D) administer the medication since this is a normal finding.

remove the needle and apply pressure to the site.

A 66-year-old male with congestive heart failure presents with pulmonary edema and difficulty breathing. His blood pressure is 180/90 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and irregular. When starting an IV, which of the following, if available, would be MOST appropriate for this patient? A) 14-gauge angiocath B) Saline lock C) Intracath D) Butterfly catheter

saline lock

When discontinuing an IV line, you should FIRST: A) remove the securing tape from the site. B) remove the IV tubing from the catheter hub. C) shut off the flow from the IV with the roller clamp. D) disconnect the administration set from the IV bag.

shut off the flow from the IV with the roller clamp

When administered to a normally hydrated patient, normal saline will: A) stay in the intravascular space. B) cause fluid to shift into the cell. C) cause fluid to shift out of the cell. D) engorge the intracellular space.

stay in the intravascular space.

When administering a medication via the intramuscular route, you should: A) stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 45° angle. B) pinch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 45° angle. C) stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 90° angle. D) pinch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 90° angle.

stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 90º angle

Prior to administering an oral medication to a patient, you must: A) take standard precautions. B) contact medical control to obtain authorization. C) determine the need for the medication. D) carefully assess the patient.

take standard precautions.

Before you can calculate an IV drip rate, you must know all of the following information, EXCEPT: A) length of time of the infusion. B) amount of fluid to deliver. C) the drop factor of the administration set. D) the gauge of the IV catheter you will use.

the gauge of the IV catheter you will use.

Intraosseous lines require full and careful immobilization because: A) the needle is only ¼" long and is not firmly in the bone. B) they rest at a 90° angle to the bone and are easily dislodged. C) even when properly placed, the catheter easily moves back and forth. D) insertion of the intraosseous catheter causes fracture of the bone.

they rest at a 90° angle to the bone and are easily dislodged.

Minimum documentation following IV therapy includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A) the rate the fluid is running. B) venipuncture site. C) type of fluid being given. D) your certification level.

your centirfication level