Chapter 13 / Ankle and Foot
There are ______ phalanges in the forefoot
14
The achilles tendon (or heel cord) inserts on the
Calaneus
The extensor digitorum brevis muscle _______ the PIP joints of the four toes
Extends
The major intrinsic foot muscle located on the dorsal side of the foot is the
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Both the flexor digitorum longus and brevis are considered antagonists of the _______
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Which of the following muscles is not considered an extrinsic muscle of a posterior compartment of the lower leg?
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Fundamental ankle joint movements in the sagittal plane include plantar flexion and circumduction
False
Pronation of the foot combines adduction of the foot and eversion of the ankle joint
False
The "large ball" of the foot is better known as the first interphalangeal joint
False
The bases of the long metatarsal bones of the foot form the metatarsal arch
False
The gastrocnemius muscle originates on the proximal end of the tibia
False
The largest of the tarsal bones is the cuboid bone.
False
The medial malleolus is found at the distal end of the fibula
False
The peroneus magnus muscle is considered a muscle of the lower leg's anterior compartment
False
The soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and popliteus muscles are all posterior leg muscles that plantar flex the ankle joint
False
The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes and abducts the foot
False
Which of the following flexes all four toes?
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The ligamentous structure running between the shafts of the tibia and fibula is the
Interosseous Membrane
Supination of the foot combines adduction of the foot and ________ of the ankle joint
Inversion
The motion that turns the ankles so that the plantar surfaces of the feet face each other is ankle
Inversion
The _____ malleolus at the ankle joint is the most distal in relationship to the other malleolus
Lateral
Which of the following muscles is not considered an extrinsic muscle of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
Peroneus Brevis
The peroneus brevis and the _____ muscle attach to the base of the fifth metatarsal bone
Peroneus Longus
Which of the following muscles is not considered a primary inverter of the ankle joint?
Peroneus Tertius
When the muscle attached to the Achilles tendon contract, which of the following actions occurs at the ankle joint?
Plantar Flexion
The dorsal interosseous muscles of the foot are considered the antagonists to the _______ muscles of the foot
Plantar Interossei
Which of the following muscles assists with the adduction of the third, fourth, and fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal joint)?
Plantar Interossei
Inserting on the calcaneus bone, the longest tendon of any muscle in the body is the tendon of insertion of the ______ muscle
Plantarus
The term ________ is actually a "wastebasket" term because it describes a wide variety of conditions in the lower leg
Shin Splints
Together with the tendon of insertion of the gastrocnemius, what muscle also is part of the achilles tendon?
Soleus
The bony prominence extending medially from the superior surface of the calcaneus is the _______
Sustentaculum Tali
The joint of the ankle that allows for most of the inversion and eversion is the
Talocalcaneal Joint
The joint formed between the lower leg and the foot, referred to as a "mortise-and-tenon" joint, is the
Talocrural Joint
In the concept of the mortise-and-tenon joint, the lateral and medial malleoli form the mortise of the ankle joint and the ______ forms the tenon
Talus
The _____ tarsal bone sits on top of (superior to) the calcaneus
Talus
The soleus muscle only plantar flexes the ankle, and its main antagonist muscle is the
Tibialis Anterior
Of the following muscles, which one is not considered a synergist to the peroneus longus in plantar flexion of the foot?
Tibialus Anterior
Eversion of the ankle joint is an attempt to move the plantar surface of the foot outward (away from the other foot)
True
If the tibialis anterior is considered a primary dorsiflexor of the foot, then the logical antagonists to this muscle would be the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
True
In addition to beginning a major inverter of the ankle, the tibialis posterior muscle also plantar flexes the ankle
True
In addition to dorsiflexing the ankle joint, the tibialis anterior muscle also inverts the ankle joint
True
Muscles originating on the leg, crossing the ankle, and inserting on the foot are considered extrinsic muscles of the foot
True
The flexor hallucis longus muscle flexes the big toe and also assists (as a synergist) the gastrocnemius and soleus in plantar flexion of the foot
True
The longitudinal arch of the foot runs from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsal bones
True
The medial ligaments of the ankle joint are often referred to collectively as the deltoid ligament
True
The most lateral bone in the midfoot is the cuboid bone
True
The peroneus brevis muscle everts the foot and has both the anterior and posterior tibialis muscles as antagonists
True
The subtalar joint is formed by the articulation between the talus and the calcaneus
True
There are seven tarsal bones in the foot
True
The deltoid ligament is composed of three superficial and one deep ligament and the deep ligament is known as the
anterior tibiotalar
The major lateral ligament of the ankle joint is the
anterior tibulofibular
The ______ posterior compartment of the lower leg includes the tibialis posterior muscle
deep
The major medial ligament of the ankle joint is the
deltoid ligament
When the top (dorsal) portion of the foot is moved toward the lower leg and knee, the ankle joint movement is
dorsiflexion
The motion that turns the ankles so that the plantar surfaces of the feet face away from each other is ankle
eversion
The interosseous membrane serves as a source for muscular attachment and is found between the medial border of the shaft of the fibula and the
lateral shaft of the tibia
Which of the following muscles would not be involved as a plantar flexor of the ankle joint?
n/a
The structure that is superficial to all muscles on the plantar surface of the foot is the ________
plantar fascia
When the sole (plantar) portion of the foot is moved downward, away from the lower leg and knee, the ankle joint movement is
plantar flexion
The adductor hallucis muscle has two segments : the oblique and the transverse portion
true
The only function of the soleus muscle is ankle plantar flexion
true