Chapter 13 / Ankle and Foot

There are ______ phalanges in the forefoot

14

The achilles tendon (or heel cord) inserts on the

Calaneus

The extensor digitorum brevis muscle _______ the PIP joints of the four toes

Extends

The major intrinsic foot muscle located on the dorsal side of the foot is the

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Both the flexor digitorum longus and brevis are considered antagonists of the _______

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Which of the following muscles is not considered an extrinsic muscle of a posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Fundamental ankle joint movements in the sagittal plane include plantar flexion and circumduction

False

Pronation of the foot combines adduction of the foot and eversion of the ankle joint

False

The "large ball" of the foot is better known as the first interphalangeal joint

False

The bases of the long metatarsal bones of the foot form the metatarsal arch

False

The gastrocnemius muscle originates on the proximal end of the tibia

False

The largest of the tarsal bones is the cuboid bone.

False

The medial malleolus is found at the distal end of the fibula

False

The peroneus magnus muscle is considered a muscle of the lower leg's anterior compartment

False

The soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and popliteus muscles are all posterior leg muscles that plantar flex the ankle joint

False

The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes and abducts the foot

False

Which of the following flexes all four toes?

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

The ligamentous structure running between the shafts of the tibia and fibula is the

Interosseous Membrane

Supination of the foot combines adduction of the foot and ________ of the ankle joint

Inversion

The motion that turns the ankles so that the plantar surfaces of the feet face each other is ankle

Inversion

The _____ malleolus at the ankle joint is the most distal in relationship to the other malleolus

Lateral

Which of the following muscles is not considered an extrinsic muscle of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Peroneus Brevis

The peroneus brevis and the _____ muscle attach to the base of the fifth metatarsal bone

Peroneus Longus

Which of the following muscles is not considered a primary inverter of the ankle joint?

Peroneus Tertius

When the muscle attached to the Achilles tendon contract, which of the following actions occurs at the ankle joint?

Plantar Flexion

The dorsal interosseous muscles of the foot are considered the antagonists to the _______ muscles of the foot

Plantar Interossei

Which of the following muscles assists with the adduction of the third, fourth, and fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal joint)?

Plantar Interossei

Inserting on the calcaneus bone, the longest tendon of any muscle in the body is the tendon of insertion of the ______ muscle

Plantarus

The term ________ is actually a "wastebasket" term because it describes a wide variety of conditions in the lower leg

Shin Splints

Together with the tendon of insertion of the gastrocnemius, what muscle also is part of the achilles tendon?

Soleus

The bony prominence extending medially from the superior surface of the calcaneus is the _______

Sustentaculum Tali

The joint of the ankle that allows for most of the inversion and eversion is the

Talocalcaneal Joint

The joint formed between the lower leg and the foot, referred to as a "mortise-and-tenon" joint, is the

Talocrural Joint

In the concept of the mortise-and-tenon joint, the lateral and medial malleoli form the mortise of the ankle joint and the ______ forms the tenon

Talus

The _____ tarsal bone sits on top of (superior to) the calcaneus

Talus

The soleus muscle only plantar flexes the ankle, and its main antagonist muscle is the

Tibialis Anterior

Of the following muscles, which one is not considered a synergist to the peroneus longus in plantar flexion of the foot?

Tibialus Anterior

Eversion of the ankle joint is an attempt to move the plantar surface of the foot outward (away from the other foot)

True

If the tibialis anterior is considered a primary dorsiflexor of the foot, then the logical antagonists to this muscle would be the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

True

In addition to beginning a major inverter of the ankle, the tibialis posterior muscle also plantar flexes the ankle

True

In addition to dorsiflexing the ankle joint, the tibialis anterior muscle also inverts the ankle joint

True

Muscles originating on the leg, crossing the ankle, and inserting on the foot are considered extrinsic muscles of the foot

True

The flexor hallucis longus muscle flexes the big toe and also assists (as a synergist) the gastrocnemius and soleus in plantar flexion of the foot

True

The longitudinal arch of the foot runs from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsal bones

True

The medial ligaments of the ankle joint are often referred to collectively as the deltoid ligament

True

The most lateral bone in the midfoot is the cuboid bone

True

The peroneus brevis muscle everts the foot and has both the anterior and posterior tibialis muscles as antagonists

True

The subtalar joint is formed by the articulation between the talus and the calcaneus

True

There are seven tarsal bones in the foot

True

The deltoid ligament is composed of three superficial and one deep ligament and the deep ligament is known as the

anterior tibiotalar

The major lateral ligament of the ankle joint is the

anterior tibulofibular

The ______ posterior compartment of the lower leg includes the tibialis posterior muscle

deep

The major medial ligament of the ankle joint is the

deltoid ligament

When the top (dorsal) portion of the foot is moved toward the lower leg and knee, the ankle joint movement is

dorsiflexion

The motion that turns the ankles so that the plantar surfaces of the feet face away from each other is ankle

eversion

The interosseous membrane serves as a source for muscular attachment and is found between the medial border of the shaft of the fibula and the

lateral shaft of the tibia

Which of the following muscles would not be involved as a plantar flexor of the ankle joint?

n/a

The structure that is superficial to all muscles on the plantar surface of the foot is the ________

plantar fascia

When the sole (plantar) portion of the foot is moved downward, away from the lower leg and knee, the ankle joint movement is

plantar flexion

The adductor hallucis muscle has two segments : the oblique and the transverse portion

true

The only function of the soleus muscle is ankle plantar flexion

true