chapter 13 environmental Test

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How long will it take for CFC's released today to reach the stratosphere

10-20 years

The _________________________ is an international agreement that seeks to limit CO2 emissions from developed countries.

Kyoto Protocol

What is the greenhouse gas most responsible for the greenhouse effect

Methane

The _________________________ is an international agreement that limits CFC production.

Montreal Protocol

How do oceans affect climate conditions on land

Oceans are the source of most precipitation, coastal areas have more moderate climate, they redistribute warm and cold masses of water

As a result of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, scientists believe that ____________________, including frogs, toads, and salamanders, will be especially vulnerable to increased UV radiation.

amphibians

Why do the ozone holes form during the springtime

chlorine atoms are released from polar stratospheric clouds

What effects do mountain ranges have on the climate of its region

coastal side gets rain, inland sides becomes desert, temps are lower as elevation increases

What is true of air density

cold air is more dense than warm air

A(n) _________________________ is often found on the inland side of a mountain range.

desert/rain shadow

During a(an) ____________________ period, winds push warm water eastward in the Pacific Ocean

el nino

One serious consequence of climate change, a rise in sea levels, could result in ____________________ of beaches.

erosion

A predicted increase in Earth's average temperature caused by human activities and the subsequent release of gases such as carbon dioxide is known as _________________________.

global warming

What is the difference between climate changes and global warming

global warming is a consequence of climate change

The _________________________ is a process by which the atmosphere radiates infrared radiation back to Earth's surface and thereby warms Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.

greenhouse effect

Water vapor and carbon dioxide reradiate infrared radiation in the atmosphere back to the surface of Earth, so they are called _________________________.

greenhouse gases

Sulfur dioxide in the upper atmosphere can lead to the formation of ____________________ that can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of Earth.

haze

What would occur if the Earth were not tilted relative to its plain of orbit

if the earth was not tilted there would be no seasonal changes

A continuous record from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, reveals that annual average atmospheric CO2 concentrations have ____________________ since 1958.

increased

An effect of El Niño is _________________________ in the southern part of the United States.

increased rainfall

Why is UV radiation particularly dangerous

it can damage the genetic material in living cells

What are some facts about the thinning of the ozone layer

it occurs at both poles, they change seasonally, and will take years to reverse

Powerful computers are required to perform the calculations for scientists to develop climatic ____________________.

models

What happens as the amount of ozone in the stratosphere decreases

more UV light is able to reach earth's surface

Stratospheric ____________________ is destroyed by chlorine atoms released from CFCs

ozone molecules

As a result of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, single-celled organisms called _________________________, that live near the ocean's surface, can be killed by increased UV radiation.

phytoplankton

Strong circulating winds over Antarctica, known as the _________________________, play a role in the formation of the polar stratospheric clouds.

polar vortex

Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies are examples of ____________________ winds

prevailing

Though CFC production has been cut back, the threat to stratospheric ozone continues because CFCs ____________________ in the atmosphere for decades.

remain/persist

If polar ice masses melt as a result of climate change, sea levels will ____________________.

rise

What has the global temperature done during the 20th century

risen and fallen but increased overall

What are the consequences of a rise in global temperature

rising sea levels, more major storms, and more droughts

What has been observed in CO2 levels in the atmosphere since 1958

Co2 levels are higher in winter and lower in summer but have steadily risen each year

List some facts about global warming.

Co2 levels are rising, temperature and Co2 are related, reforestation is not enough

Damage to ____________________ in cells of living organisms is caused by exposure to UV radiation.

DNA

Populations of tiny, shrimp-like animals known as _________________________ may be reduced by climate change.

Zooplankton

Where (in latitude) would you expect to find mild temperatures and frequent rainfall

a coastal region at about 30 degrees latitude

Why are CFC's environmentally significant

their chlorine atoms destroy ozone molecules

In terms of solar energy, how does latitude influence climate

there's more solar energy near the equator

What do greenhouse gases do to increase the greenhouse effect

they reradiate infrared radiation back to earth

Large quantities of gaseous sulfur dioxide can reach the upper atmosphere following a(n) _________________________.

volcanic eruption

How do circulation patterns of the atmosphere occur

warm air rises and cools as it rises


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