Chapter 13 - Program Development and Programming Languages

Rich Internet application (RIA)

A Web-based application that works like an installed software program.

Application lifecycle management (ALM)

A broad term to describe complete systems that can be used to create and manage an application throughout its entire life cycle-from design through retirement.

Fourth-generaltion language (4GL)

A class of programming languages that is closer to natural language and easier to work with than a high-level language.

High-level language

A class of programming languages that is closer to natural language and easier to work with than a low-level language.

Low-level language

A class of programming languages that is highly detailed and machine-dependent.

Source code

A computer program before it is compiled.

COBOL

A high-level programming language developed for transaction processing applications.

FORTRAN

A high-level programming language used for mathematical, scientific, and engineering applications.

C

A high-level structured programming language that has the execution efficiency of an assembly language.

Java

A high-level, object-oriented programming language frequently used for Web-based applications.

Phython

A high-level, open source, dynamic object-oriented programming language that can be used to develop a wide variety of applications.

Ruby

A high-level, open-source, object-oriented programming language that is often used to develop Web applications.

Compiler

A language translator that converts an entire program into machine language before executing it.

Interpreter

A language translator that converts program statements line-by-line into machine language, immediately executing each one.

Machine language

A low-level programming language in which the program code consist of 0s and 1s.

Assembly language

A low-level programming language that uses names and other symbols to replace some of the 0s and 1s in machine language.

Variable

A named memory location defined in a computer program that is used to store the current value of a data item used in that program.

C++

A newer, object-oriented version of the C programming language.

Control structure

A pattern for controlling the flow of logic in a computer program, module, or method.

Programmer

A person whose job it is to write, test, and maintain computer programs.

Flowchart

A program design tool that shows graphically step-by-step the actions a computer program will take.

Pseudocode

A program design tool that uses English-like statements to outline the logic of a program.

Logic error

A programming error that occurs when running a program produces incorrect results.

Syntax error

A programming error that occurs when the programmer has not followed the rules of the programming language.

Software development kit (SDK)

A programming package designed for a particular platform that enables programmers to develop applications for that platform more quickly and easily.

Repetition control structure

A series of statements in a loop that are repeated until a particular condition is met.

Selection control structure

A series of statements in with the results of a decision determine the direction the program takes.

Sequence control structure

A series of statements that follow one another.

Programming language

A set of rules, worlds, symbols, and codes used to write computer programs.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

A set of standard notations for creating business models.

Language translator

A software program that converts program code to machine language.

Pascal

A structured, high-level programming language often used to teach structured programming, especially appropriate for use in math and science applications.

Visual Basic

A version of the BASIC programming language that is visual and supports object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP)

An approach to program design in which a program consists of a collection of objects that contain data and methods to be used with that data.

Procedural programming

An approach to program design in which a program is separated into small modules that are called by the main program or another module when needed.

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP)

An approach to program design in which different functions are clearly separated so program components can be developed and modified individually from one another, and the components can be easily reused with separate, non related objects.

BASIC

An easy-to-learn, high-level programming language that was developed to be used by beginning programmers.

Object code

The machine language version of a computer program generated after the program's source code is compiled.

C#

The newest, object-oriented version of the C programming language.

Problem analysis

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the problem is carefully considered and the program specifications are developed.

Program coding

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program code is written using a programming language.

Program implementation and maintenance

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program is implemented and then maintained, as needed, to remain useful.

Program design

The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program specifications are expanded into a complete design of the new program.

Program debugging and testing

The phase of the program development life cycle that ensures a program is correct and works as intended.

Program development life cycle (PDLC)

The process containing the five phases of program development: analyzing, designing, coding, debugging and testing, and implementing and maintaining application software.

Program development

The process of creating application programs.

Debugging

The process of ensuring a program is free of errors.

Coding

The process of writing the programming language statements to create a computer program.