Chapter 13 Reading Quiz "Reformation and Religious Wars"

Luther believed that the church consisted of A. all those who supported his views. B. a spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers. C. the elect. D. the entire body of clergy.

B. a spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers.

Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

1. politiques

Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation? A. Salvation came through the performance of the Holy Sacraments. B. Salvation came through God's predestined selection of those he chose to save. C. Salvation came through faith in God and works that demonstrated that faith. D. Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace.

D. Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace.

The alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

12. Union of Utrecht

Opposition to the clergy. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

2. anticlericalism

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

3. predestination

Based on the evidence provided by this passage, one can conclude that Lutherans believed that... The following is an excerpt from the School ordinance of the duchy of Württemberg, a Lutheran territory in the Holy Roman Empire (Thinking Like a Historian):"In addition, all parents are obliged on the danger of losing their souls to teach the catechism to their children and domestic servants. Ask them also what they remember from last Sunday's sermon, and, if they remember nothing, admonish them to pay closer attention. And if kind words don't help, take the stick to them or give them nothing to eat and drink for supper until they have repeated something from the sermon." A. corporal punishment of children was never acceptable. B. parents should leave the education of their children to trained professionals. C. parents were at least partly responsible for the spiritual education of their children. D. some children were simply born wicked and could not be changed.

C. parents were at least partly responsible for the spiritual education of their children.

What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century? A. Society of Jesus B. Colloquy of Marburg C. Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office D. Ursuline order

D. Ursuline order

The Reformation in England was primarily the result of A. the missionary activity of the Lollards. B. the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII. C. efforts by Luther and his followers. D. the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches.

D. the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches.

In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that... A. emphasized personal and public religious conformity. B. favored Catholics over Protestants. C. supported the efforts of the Puritans. D. was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.

D. was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.

Sent by Spain's Philip II in 1588, this fleet constituted a religious crusade against English Protestantism; the English fleet and bad weather defeated it. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

10. Spanish Armada

A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

5. Edict of Nantes

John Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

9. Jesuits

What was the name given to the Catholic and Huguenot moderates in France who put political concerns ahead of religious ones? A. Politiques B. Flagellants C. Anticlerics D. Hussites

A. Politiques

In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent? A. Securing reconciliation with the Protestants B. Recognizing bishops as completely independent of secular rulers C. Reinforcing the power of monarchs D. Eliminating the Bohemian church

A. Securing reconciliation with the Protestants

The Edict of Nantes A. granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns. B. permitted French Huguenots to worship wherever they wished as long as they continued to pay taxes to the Catholic Church. C. ordered all French Huguenots to convert to Catholicism or leave France. D. required all Catholic priests in France to swear an oath of loyalty to the king.

A. granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns.

France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to A. prevent Holy Roman Emperor Charles V from increasing his power. B. contain Protestantism east of the Rhine. C. prevent English influence from increasing in Germany. D. spread Protestantism.

A. prevent Holy Roman Emperor Charles V from increasing his power.

The Ursuline order of nuns focused on A. the education of women. B. helping the poorest of the poor. C. the promotion of female mystics. D. rooting out heretical parishioners.

A. the education of women

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ended the conflict known as the A. Hundred Years' War. B. Habsburg-Valois wars. C. Wars of the Roses. D. Thirty Years' War.

B. Habsburg-Valois wars.

What was the name given to French Calvinists? A. Carmelites B. Huguenots C. Jesuits D. Augustinians

B. Huguenots

Luther's claim that the papacy was exploiting Germany A. led to administrative reform in the empire. B. appealed to the national sentiment of German princes. C. was met with dismay by the ruling elite. D. found an audience only among the peasantry.

B. appealed to the national sentiment of German princes.

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany A. converted to Lutheranism. B. became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince. C. remained Catholics. D. were able to practice the religion of their choice.

B. became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince.

Luther viewed celibacy as A. a gift only the spiritually mature could enjoy. B. opposed to human nature and God's commandments. C. required for all Lutheran pastors. D. the ideal act of spiritual devotion.

B. opposed to human nature and God's commandments.

The dissolution of the English monasteries A. deeply disturbed the English upper classes. B. resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth. C. was the result of rebellious activities by the monks. D. resulted in a more equitable distribution of land.

B. resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth.

Based on Map 13.1: The Global Empire of Charles V, ca. 1556, what was the only Christian kingdom that opposed Charles V? A. Scotland B. Denmark C. France D. Ireland

C. France

How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor? A. Hard work was the duty of criminals and non-Christians so that Christians could pursue holiness. B. Work marked the duty to which God called the unlearned, freeing the superior minds to contemplation. C. Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified. D. Work was the consequence of sin entering the world; it marked the shame of humankind.

C. Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified.

How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms? A. Luther guaranteed the personal protection of the emperor for the rest of his life as long as he remained within imperial lands. B. Luther obtained permission to continue to call for reform as long as he remained loyal to papal authority. C. Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices. D. Luther was granted permission to call for church reform of institutional corruption as long as he accepted official papal doctrine.

C. Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices.

How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women? A. Families were forced to take over the care and support of women who had no productive role. B. Upper-class women were freed from the numerous restraints of convent life. C. Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women. D. Upper-class women were able to participate in art and literature, which were denied to them in the convent.

C. Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women.

The passage provides evidence of which of the following? The following excerpt is from a 1587 German account of the testimony at the trial of an accused witch: "Walpurga Hausmännin . . . upon kindly questioning and also torture . . . confessed . . . that the Evil One indulged in fornication with her . . . and made her many promises to help her in her poverty and need. . . . She promised herself body and soul to him and disowned God in heaven. . . . With her devil-paramour and other playfellows she has eaten these [animals and children] and used their hair and their little bones for witchcraft." A. The belief that only women could be witches B. The belief that all witches would eventually betray themselves C. The belief that the essence of witchcraft was a pact with the Devil D. The belief that witches were indirectly carrying out God's will

C. The belief that the essence of witchcraft was a pact with the Devil

How was the choice to embrace or reject the Protestant reform movement made in each territory or region of the Holy Roman Empire? A. Local religious councils determined whether or not to embrace reform. B. Individual priests decided whether or not to embrace the reform movement and introduce new doctrines and practices. C. The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms. D. Individual parishes selected their leaders, who would decide whether to reform the parish.

C. The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms.

Which of the following contributed to the success of Martin Luther's reform efforts? A. Luther led a unified reform movement that was able to coordinate its actions in several different territories and kingdoms. B. Luther did not need political support and, therefore, was able to develop his ideas without political interference. C. Luther's status as a nobleman brought him respect and legitimacy that he could use to defend his ideas. D. Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.

D. Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.

What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers? A. Lutherans and Calvinists believed that secular rulers must be obeyed and respected no matter what their religious beliefs. B. Lutherans taught opposition to ungodly leaders, while Calvinists taught obedience to all secular authorities. C. Lutherans and Calvinists believed that secular leaders who violated the laws of nature must be opposed, while all others must be obeyed. D. Lutherans taught respect for authority, while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.

D. Lutherans taught respect for authority, while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.

This quote from the writings of John Calvin explains what concept? "To those whom he devotes to condemnation, the gate of life is closed by a just and irreprehensible, but incomprehensible, judgment. How exceedingly presumptuous it is only to inquire into the causes of the Divine will; which is in fact, and is justly entitled to be, the cause of everything that exists." A. Self-determination B. Self-sufficiency C. Autonomy D. Predestination

D. Predestination

According to Map 13.2: Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555, where did the French Calvinists (called Huguenots) live? A. 150 designated cities B. Rural areas C. Northern France D. Southern France

D. Southern France

The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

11. Holy Office

French Calvinists. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

7. Huguenots

What was the fate of MOST people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft? A. They were found innocent and exonerated of any wrongdoing. B. They were found guilty and their property seized. C. They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance. D. They were found guilty and executed.

C. They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance.

A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

6. indulgence

The name originally given to Lutherans, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups. 1. politiques 2. anticlericalism 3. predestination 4. Protestant 5. Edict of Nantes 6. indulgence 7. Huguenots 8. The Institutes of the Christian Religion 9. Jesuits 10. Spanish Armada 11. Holy Office 12. Union of Utrecht

4. Protestant

Which of the following was a consequence of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre? A. New efforts to bring civil order to France B. A lengthy civil war C. The end of Protestant power in France D. An international peace conference

B. A lengthy civil war

In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues? A. The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy B. Priests who were literate C. Clerics who dispersed any collected revenues to their parishioners D. The heresy of priests who preached messages contrary to church doctrine

D. The heresy of priests who preached messages contrary to church doctrine

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a A. mood of fatalism among Calvin's followers. B. mass exodus from the city of Geneva. C. withdrawal of Calvinists from the world of business and politics. D. confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation.

D. confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation.

The Colloquy of Marburg A. required all Protestants to adopt a common reformed liturgy and standards for clerical behavior. B. created the basic tenants of Calvinism that could then be adapted to specific national contexts. C. established the basic tenants of Catholic reform in opposition to the Protestant reform movement. D. failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist.

D. failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist.

In Hungary, Lutheranism was A. embraced by the high nobility as attacking their clerical rivals. B. destroyed by Turks when they seized control of the realm. C. rejected by nearly all people as a heresy of the hated Germans. D. spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.

D. spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.