Chapter 14, 15, 16, 18 & 19 Quiz

C. third-order neurons.

Neurons extending from the thalamus, through the internal capsule, and to the somatosensory cortex are A. pyramidal cells. B. second-order neurons. C. third-order neurons. D. first-order neurons. E. None of the answers are correct.

A. thalamus

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex. A. thalamus B. cerebellum C. medulla oblongata D. pons E. cerebrum

C. ventral ramus

The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs. A. dermatomes B. white rami communicantes C. ventral ramus D. dorsal ramus E. gray rami communicantes

E. pia mater

The ________ is the layer of the meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain. A. subarachnoid space B. arachnoid C. dura mater D. epidural space E. pia mater

E. phrenic

The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm. A. radial B. lesser occipital C. ansa cervicalis D. sciatic E. phrenic

C. dorsal ramus

The ________ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back. A. gray ramus communicantes B. white ramus communicantes C. dorsal ramus D. ventral ramus E. dermatome

D. fourth

The ________ ventricle is associated with the pons and upper portion of the medulla oblongata. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth E. lateral

A. somatic motor nuclei.

The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A. somatic motor nuclei. B. sensory nuclei. C. sympathetic nuclei. D. nerve tracts. E. autonomic motor nuclei.

D. dermatome.

The body surface region monitored by a specific pair of spinal nerves is called (a) A. ventral ramus. B. ramus communicans. C. perineurium. D. dermatome. E. None of the answers are correct.

D. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3

What is the correct order of passage for visceral motor fibers on their way to a spinal nerve? (1) autonomic ganglion (2) ventral root (3) gray ramus (4) lateral gray horn (5) white ramus A. 1, 4, 2, 5, 3 B. 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 C. 1, 4, 5, 2, 3 D. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 E. 5, 4, 2, 3, 1

E. somatic sensory receiving

What is the function of the structure labeled "12"? A. visceral sensory receiving B. control of visceral effectors C. ascending pathway D. control of skeletal muscle E. somatic sensory receiving

E. somatic motor control

What is the function of the structure labeled "13"? A. visceral motor control B. sensory receptor for pain C. somatic sensory input D. visceral sensory input E. somatic motor control

C. decussation

What occurs in this neural pathway at label "3"? A. communication between sensory and motor neurons B. autonomic reflexes C. decussation D. synapse E. amplification of motor signals

C. anterior white column

Where in the spinal cord is the structure labeled "2" located? A. dorsal root ganglion B. posterior white column C. anterior white column D. anterior median fissure E. anterior gray horns

D. olfactory cortex

Which area of the cerebral cortex would receive input from sensory receptors in the nose? A. the general interpretive center B. gustatory cortex C. the postcentral gyrus D. olfactory cortex E. None of the answers are correct.

E. posterior (dorsal) column

Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration? A. corticobulbar B. corticospinal C. spinobulbar D. spinothalamic E. posterior (dorsal) column

C. posterior (dorsal) column

Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration? A. corticospinal B. corticobulbar C. posterior (dorsal) column D. spinocerebellar E. spinothalamic

B. 1

Which branch carries motor neurons to structures on the back of the body trunk? A. 11 B. 1 C. 5 D. 2 E. 7

A. subarachnoid space

Which of the following contains a delicate network of collagen and elastin fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates? A. subarachnoid space B. dural sinus C. pia mater D. arachnoid villi E. epidural space

C. process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? A. secrete cerebrospinal fluid B. store memories C. process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum D. secrete melatonin E. regulate food intake

A. Each has a characteristic sensitivity.

Which of the following is true of receptors? A. Each has a characteristic sensitivity. B. The most complex, specific, and sensitive receptors are free nerve endings. C. Each receptor is equally sensitive to several different types of stimuli. D. They are evenly distributed over all surfaces of the body. E. None of the answers are correct.

C. The outer (endosteal) layer is fused to the periosteum of the cranial bones.

Which of the following is true of the dura mater? A. It follows precisely and adheres closely to the contours of the brain tissue. B. It consists of three layers around the brain only. C. The outer (endosteal) layer is fused to the periosteum of the cranial bones. D. It contains the subarachnoid spaces. E. None of the answers are correct.

E. medulla oblongata

Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers? A. pons B. cerebellum C. superior colliculus D. inferior colliculus E. medulla oblongata

C. hypothalamus

Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin? A. cerebellum B. medulla oblongata C. hypothalamus D. pons E. epithalamus

C. pineal gland

Which structure secretes melatonin? A. hypothalamus B. anterior pituitary gland C. pineal gland D. superior colliculus E. posterior pituitary gland

Auditory ossicles

Identify Q

Suspensory ligaments

Identify Q

Semicircular canal

Identify T

B. first-order neuron

Identify the neuron labeled "1." A. upper motor neuron B. first-order neuron C. lower motor neuron D. ganglionic neuron E. second-order neuron

A. second-order neuron

Identify the neuron labeled "3." A. second-order neuron B. upper motor neuron C. ganglionic neuron D. lower motor neuron E. first-order neuron

C. upper motor neuron

Identify the origin of the axon labeled "2." A. second-order neuron B. decussation neuron C. upper motor neuron D. lower motor neuron E. ganglionic neuron

D. posterior white column

Identify the structure labeled "1." A. anterior white column B. lateral white horn C. lateral white column D. posterior white column E. median commissure

E. central canal

Identify the structure labeled "10." A. arbor vitae B. pons C. corpus callosum D. diencephalon E. central canal

A. ventral ramus

Identify the structure labeled "2." A. ventral ramus B. ventral root C. dorsal ramus D. spinal nerve E. white ramus

B. posterior gray horn

Identify the structure labeled "4." A. posterior gray column B. posterior gray horn C. dorsal gray ganglion D. anterior gray horn E. posterior white column

D. thalamus

Identify the structure labeled "5." A. cerebral cortex B. autonomic ganglion C. primary motor cortex D. thalamus E. primary sensory cortex

D. rami communicantes

Identify the structure labeled "5." A. dorsal root ganglion B. autonomic ganglion C. autonomic nerve D. rami communicantes E. ventral root

E. dura mater

Identify the structure labeled "7." A. lateral ventricle B. fourth ventricle C. filum terminale D. subarachnoid space E. dura mater

E. arachnoid granulation

Identify the structure labeled "8." A. corpus callosum B. ventricles C. dura mater D. pia mater E. arachnoid granulation

B. pain and crude touch sensations

Identify the type of information that travels along the structure labeled "2." A. fine touch to the cerebral cortex B. pain and crude touch sensations C. proprioception to the cerebral cortex D. visceral motor commands to smooth muscle E. motor commands to skeletal muscles

B. motor commands to skeletal muscles

Identify the type of information that travels along the structure labeled "4." A. visceral motor commands to smooth muscle B. motor commands to skeletal muscles C. proprioception to the cerebral cortex D. pain and crude touch sensations E fine touch to the cerebral cortex

C. sensory input would be blocked.

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, A. the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level. B. output to skeletal muscles would be blocked. C. sensory input would be blocked. D. output to visceral organs would be blocked. E. the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord.

A. upper motor neuron.

In a somatic motor pathway, the neuron that has a cell body in a CNS processing center is (the) A. upper motor neuron. B. postganglionic neuron. C. preganglionic neuron. D. lower motor neuron. E. None of the answers are correct.

B. 10

In which structure are sensory cell bodies located? A. 12 B. 10 C. 6 D. 5 E. 4

A. spinal nerve.

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a A. spinal nerve. B. spinal ganglion. C. lumbar enlargement. D. cervical enlargement. E. spinal meninx.

A. the sensory neuron that brings information from the receptor to the CNS.

A first-order neuron is A. the sensory neuron that brings information from the receptor to the CNS. B. the first neuron in any pathway. C. one that projects the motor homunculus to the parietal lobe of the cerebellum. D. a neuron that extends down the spinal cord. E. None of the answers are correct.

A. venous circulation.

Absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the A. venous circulation. B. central canal. C. arterial circulation. D. third ventricle. E. fourth ventricle.

C. fast-adapting receptors.

Adaptation that results from synaptic fatigue, like that which occurs when you get used to the water temperature in the shower, is a property of A. slow-adapting receptors. B. tonic receptors. C. fast-adapting receptors. D. central adaptation. E. None of the answers are correct.

A. subarachnoid space.

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the A. subarachnoid space. B. pia mater. C. arachnoid mater. D. filum terminale. E. dura mater.

A. corpus callosum.

Crossover of information between cerebral hemispheres occurs through the A. corpus callosum. B. handedness of the individual. C. fornix. D. external capsule. E. All of the answers are correct.

Auditory tube

Identify I

Ciliary body

Identify I

Cochlea

Identify J

B. two

Descending (motor) pathways always involve at least ________ motor neuron(s). A. spinal B. two C. one D. three E. four

B. arachnoid granulations

Diffusion across which structure(s) returns excess CSF to venous circulation? A. dural sinuses B. arachnoid granulations C. third ventricle D. lateral ventricle E. cerebral aqueduct

Cornea

Identify K

C. tonic receptors.

Examples of receptors that are always active are A. tactile receptors. B. chemoreceptors. C. tonic receptors. D. phasic receptors. E. mechanoreceptors.

Bony labyrinth

Identify B

Vascular tunic (choroid)

Identify B

Endolymph

Identify C

Neural tunic (retina)

Identify C

Oval window

Identify F

E. medulla oblongata.

Major centers concerned with autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration is the A. cerebellum. B. pons. C. midbrain. D. diencephalon. E. medulla oblongata.

D. lower motor

Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons. A. preganglionic B. upper motor C. somesthetic D. lower motor E. postganglionic

D. cerebellum.

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A. mesencephalon. B. medulla oblongata. C. cerebrum. D. cerebellum. E. pons.

A. all fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord.

Physical connections of the medulla include A. all fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord. B. ascending tracts, but not descending tracts, from the brain. C. direct links between the spinal cord and cerebellar hemispheres. D. descending tracts, but not ascending tracts, to the brain. E. All of the answers are correct.

A. temperature.

Sensations detected by the receptors for the lateral spinothalamic pathway include A. temperature. B. vibration. C. pressure. D. proprioception. E. All of the answers are correct.

C. they are restricted in the stimuli to which they respond.

Special sensory receptors differ from simple receptors in that A. they are found in more locations on the surface of the body. B. they are surrounded by accessory structures that enhance receptor sensitivity. C. they are restricted in the stimuli to which they respond. D. each can be stimulated by many different types of stimuli. E. All of the answers are correct.

D. increased attention.

Stimulation of the reticular formation results in A. reduced body temperature. B. coma. C. decreased cerebral function. D. increased attention. E. sleep.

C. is the site of production of the cerebrospinal fluid.

The choroid plexus A. is the site where the spinal nerves first enter the medulla. B. is located on the entire surface area of the brain-ventricle interface. C. is the site of production of the cerebrospinal fluid. D. is the site of drainage of used cerebrospinal fluid from neural tissues. E. None of the answers are correct.

C. 500 mL/day .

The choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about A. 1000 mL/day. B. 150 mL/day C. 500 mL/day . D. 250 mL/day. E. 50 mL/day.

C. cell bodies of sensory neurons.

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain A. axons of motor neurons. B. axons of sensory neurons. C. cell bodies of sensory neurons. D. synapses. E. cell bodies of motor neurons.

D. axons of sensory neurons.

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains A. axons of motor neurons. B. interneurons. C. cell bodies of sensory neurons. D. axons of sensory neurons. E. cell bodies of motor neurons.

D. nerve cell bodies.

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A. meninges. B. funiculi. C. columns. D. nerve cell bodies. E. nerve tracts.

C. central sulcus.

The groove between the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain is (the) A. lateral sulcus. B. parieto-occipital sulcus. C. central sulcus. D. longitudinal fissure. E. None of the answers are correct.

B. cerebrum.

The highest levels of information processing occur in the A. medulla oblongata. B. cerebrum. C. corpus callosum. D. diencephalon. E. cerebellum.

B. sciatic.

The largest nerve in the body that is formed from L4-S3 is the A. brachial. B. sciatic. C. radial. D. tibial. E. None of the answers are correct.

A. pia mater.

The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the A. pia mater. B. subarachnoid space. C. choroid plexus. D. dura mater. E. arachnoid.

D. establishes emotional states and related behavioral drives.

The limbic system A. induces an individual to go to sleep. B. includes nuclei and tracts along the border between the diencephalon and metencephalon. C. maintains consciousness. D. establishes emotional states and related behavioral drives. E. None of the answers are correct.

C. mesencephalic aqueduct

The midbrain (mesencephalon) has a slender CSF-filled canal known as the ________. A. fourth ventricle B. lateral ventricle C. mesencephalic aqueduct D. medulla oblongata E. third ventricle

D. olfaction (smell)

The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is A. vision. B. dizziness. C. gustation. D. olfaction (smell) E. hearing.

D. epineurium.

The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the A. epimysium. B. endoneurium. C. perineurium. D. epineurium. E. endomysium.

B. sensory nuclei.

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A. somatic motor nuclei. B. sensory nuclei. C. autonomic motor nuclei. D. nerve tracts. E. sympathetic nuclei.

A. frontal lobe.

The primary motor area is part of (the) A. frontal lobe. B. occipital lobe. C. parietal lobe. D. reticular formation. E. None of the answers are correct.

A. precentral gyrus

The primary motor cortex of the cerebrum is located in the ________. A. precentral gyrus B. pons C. cerebellum D. lateral sulcus E. postcentral gyrus

C. number of sensory receptors in regions of the body.

The sensory homunculus is a map that shows (the) A. size of sensory units. B. relative size of sensory regions in the body. C. number of sensory receptors in regions of the body. D. number of muscles under the skin. E. All of the answers are correct.

E. spinal meninges.

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the A. cranial meninges. B. cranial mater. C. spinal mater. D. epidural membranes. E. spinal meninges.

C. 31

The spinal cord consists of five regions and ________ segments. A. 12 B. 25 C. 31 D. 5 E. The number varies widely among individuals.

C. spinocerebellar.

The spinal tract that carries sensations from proprioceptors to the CNS is the A. fasciculus cuneatus. B. fasciculus gracilis. C. spinocerebellar. D. anterior spinothalamic. E. lateral spinothalamic.

D. corticospinal tracts.

The spinal tracts that regulate voluntary motor commands to skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body are the A. rubrospinal tracts. B. vestibulospinal tracts. C. reticulospinal tracts. D. corticospinal tracts. E. spinothalamic tracts.

E. ascending.

The spinothalamic tract is A. efferent. B. motor. C. descending. D. transverse. E. ascending.

E. the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

The subdural space lies between A. the pia mater and the subarachnoid space. B. the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. C. the endosteum and the periosteum. D. the pia mater and the dura mater. E. the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

A. primary sensory

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. A. primary sensory B. visual C. auditory D. primary motor E. olfactory

E. All of the answers are correct.

The term "general senses" refers to the sensations of A. pressure and vibration. B. pain and proprioception. C. touch. D. temperature. E. All of the answers are correct.

A. diencephalon

The thalamus is the largest portion of which major brain region? A. diencephalon B. mesencephalon C. pons D. midbrain E. cerebellum

E. dura mater.

The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the A. epidural block. B. arachnoid. C. periosteum. D. pia mater. E. dura mater.

B. brachial

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus. A. thoracic B. brachial C. lumbar D. sacral E. cervical

D. axons of motor neurons.

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains A. interneurons. B. axons of sensory neurons. C. cell bodies of sensory neurons. D. axons of motor neurons. E. cell bodies of motor neurons.

E. occipital

The visual cortex is located in the ________ lobe. A. frontal B. parietal C. temporal D. insular E. occipital

A. arbor vitae.

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the A. arbor vitae. B. folia. C. pyramid. D. vermis. E. flocculonodular lobe.