Chapter 14-16 Revel

What distinguishes pictographs found at Horseshoe Canyon in Utah from cave paintings in other parts of the world?

Animals were rarely depicted.

What similarity of the Spear Bearer (Doryphoros ) and the Parthenon exemplifies the Greek classical mindset?

Both have forms based on a system of proportions.

Which theological question greatly influenced the development of early Christian and Byzantine art?

Did Christian art encourage worshipping images or tell holy stories?

Scholars have learned most about which culture from artifacts discovered in tombs?

Egyptian

Which of the following best describes the scholarly position on Paleolithic cave paintings and petroglyphs?

Interpretations of the meanings change and vary over time.

What was the advantage to using entasis on the Parthenon columns?

It caused them to appear straighter.

What distinguishes dry masonry construction?

Stones are stacked without mortar.

What is one reason that explains the relatively unchanged styles of Egyptian art for 2,500 years?

The country was isolated.

What allowed curtain walls to be used at the Bauhaus Building?

The exterior walls did not need to carry weight.

Which best describes the interior of Egyptian pyramids?

They are mostly solid with narrow passageways.

What is one reason most skyscrapers are energy-inefficient?

They have glassy exteriors.

When extended in depth, the round arch creates a tunnel-like structure called

a barrel vault.

Which ancient building technique could enclose the largest volume of space using the least amount of material?

a dome on pendentives

What is a petroglyph?

a rock carving

What symbolic form was embodied by the Sumerian ziggurats?

a sacred mountain linking heaven and earth

What was one innovation that made possible structures like the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao?

computer modeling applications

What Roman development enabled them to cut costs and build on a massive scale?

concrete

What is the likely source of the abstract decorative pattern on this Chinese burial urn?

cowrie shells

The Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut demonstrates the

divine status of rulers in ancient Egypt.

Romanesque church architecture was largely a response to what cultural practice?

pilgrimages

What feature of Stonehenge leads some scholars to think that it was associated with funeral rites?

the alignment of the heel stone with celestial events

What did Frank Lloyd Wright use to unite indoor and outdoor spaces in buildings like Fallingwater (Edgar Kaufmann Residence)?

cantilevers

What do Fallingwater and the Jeppesen Terminal Building have in common?

Both use forms inspired by their surroundings.

What was the consequence of builders using the pointed arch and vaulting systems in Gothic cathedrals?

Buildings emphasized verticality and light.

Who influenced Walter Gropius' design for the Bauhaus?

Le Corbusier

What is one factor that distinguishes Archaic Greek sculpture from Egyptian sculpture?

Many Greek male figures were nude.

What detail helps date this sculpture to the classical phase of Greek art?

The figure is in a contrapposto pose.

How does the decoration on this Neolithic vessel reflect a general shift from earlier artistic forms?

The images are abstracted.

What architectural feature helps support the great dome of the Pantheon?

a stone and concrete wall

What was the Pantheon?

a temple dedicated to all gods

Neolithic painting reflects a shift from naturalist art to

abstract designs.

What do experts consider necessary for a work to be architecturally important?

an innovative structure

What did the Greeks create as the basis for the architectural features and proportions used in buildings?

architectural orders

What material was used in the construction of ziggurats?

brick and wood

Before 313 CE, most early Christian painting was found in

catacombs.

One of the most significant artifacts of the Neolithic period was

clay pots.

What is one drawback to using carbon fiber in architecture?

its expense

What distinguishes a painting as a Byzantine icon?

its function as a holy image that inspires devotion

What architectural element ensures the continuous load-bearing capacity in a continuous arch?

keystone

What was one negative consequence of the popularity of the International Style on world architecture?

loss of unique regional styles

What was one outgrowth that developed from sculpture on Gothic cathedrals?

the emergence of freestanding figural sculptures

What new sculptural development occurred in the late Classical period?

the female nude

What distinguishes Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building from International Style buildings?

the heavy ornamentation at the top of the building

The Bust of Emperor Vespasian typifies Roman portraiture traditions in

the individualized facial features.

What about the Head of Constantine best demonstrates the shift toward an inner spiritual life in late Roman sculpture?

the large eyes

What technological innovation made the balloon frame possible?

the mechanical saw

Which architectural detail of Hagia Sophia serves no structural purpose?

the minarets (towers)

What is the architectural significance of Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace?

the scale of its cast-iron construction

What innovation was made possible by the development of steel for a skeletal structure?

the skyscraper

Where are the best examples of Roman wall painting found?

the villas of Pompeii and Herculaneum

One reason that engraved ochre may be the first instance of artistic creativity is

there is no practical reason offered for the markings.

What was a key purpose for much Egyptian portrait sculpture?

to serve as a receptacle for the spirit of the deceased

Early Mediterranean and western Asian civilizations used arches and vaults for which of the following structures?

tomb chambers

a dome on pendentives

windows

What material is used in CLT?

wood

The Sumerians were the first to develop

writing.

Which detail reduces the Aqua Tower's sway in windstorms?

the curving balconies

What cultural belief gave rise to the idealized and harmonious forms characterizing Greek art?

the belief in human potential and accomplishment

Why are flattened forms and stylized features characteristic to Byzantine images of Christ such as this example?

Artists diverged from naturalistic form to suggest an otherworldly being.

What is one reason that the mkSolaire home represents the cutting edge in green single-family home design?

It is uses the most efficient insulation available.

Which architectural style is characterized by the pointed arch and flying buttress?

Gothic

What is one advantage of the BMW Guggenheim lab?

It is moveable.

What is one drawback to a cast-iron building?

It is not heat and fire resistant.

What is one reason that the Y. S. Sun Green Building Research Center, a university building in Taiwan, received a LEED Platinum rating?

No construction materials were imported for the building.

Why do Early Christian and Byzantine churches have plain exteriors?

Plain exteriors were meant to contrast with the spiritual realm inside.

What is one characteristic that distinguishes Roman figural sculpture from Greek figural sculpture?

Roman figures had a higher degree of individuality.

In Christ and the Apostles, Christ is depicted as a

Roman senator.

What recent theory has emerged about the function of Paleolithic art based on the study of footprints and other remains at ancient sites?

They were used in initiation ceremonies.

What Egyptian aesthetic preference is best demonstrated by this sculpture?

compact, solid forms

Which terms best characterize the Hellenistic style of this work?

dynamism and expressionism

What most contributed to the development of Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations?

fertile land that could sustain an agricultural economy

The overarching symbolic message of the imagery on the Warka vase is

fertility.

One characteristic of Egyptian figural wall painting was

hierarchic scale.

Tutankhamen ("King Tut") is the best-known Egyptian ruler because

his tomb was discovered mostly intact during modern times.

Reliquaries are made for

holding bones from a saint's body.

Paleolithic cultures lived by

hunting and gathering.

What was the initial source of subjects and models for Romanesque sculpture?

miniatures in illuminated texts

Roman wall painting continued what Greek painting tradition?

portraying depth

The Colosseum functioned principally as a site for

public amusements.

The Lapith and Centaur metopes represent the Greek belief in the triumph of

reason over emotion.

What wall insulating material was used in The Green Building?

recycled blue jeans

One way for architects to earn green points for their designs is to

rehabilitate old buildings.

The first tools made were

sharp chipped stones.

Current archaeological scholarship suggests Paleolithic female figures like the Woman of Willendorf may have functioned as

signs of recognition among hunting and gathering groups.

What evidence encourages some archeologists to believe that ritual accompanied burials from about 100,000 years ago?

sprinkled powders and beads at grave sites

What architectural elements identified the Romanesque style?

stone construction, round arches, and barrel vaults

What aspect of artmaking does the elaborate patterning of the beard on this sculpture reflect?

stylization

Ziggurats in Ancient Sumer were used as

temples.

Which modern technology is comparable to the flying buttress in its ability to allow for larger exterior windows?

the Domino Construction System

Which church is considered the first example of a Gothic building?

the abbey church of St. Denis

What shared feature in Head of Constantine and Empress Theodora suggests that late Roman art influenced Christian art of the Byzantine period?

the abstracted facial features