chapter 14

Which of the following are among the four conditions that have historically been seen as important in defining individuals use of substances?

Intoxication abuse dependence withdrawl

Which of the following are necessary ingredients for a diagnosis of caffeine intoxication to be made?

significant distress Impairment in functioning

Which of the following are effects of cocaine?

alertness energy Euphoria

Which of the following best describes the effect of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?

an activating effect on the nervous system

Which of the following are part of the behavioral therapeutic tools for substance disorder?

aversive conditioning Contingency management Covert sensitization techniques

Jennifer's psychotherapist uses a technique that associates thoughts of alcohol use with thoughts of highly unpleasant consequences. Her therapist is most likely_____.

behavioral

Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence if his or her ____-alcohol level is above 0.08.

blood

The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur in stages. The _____ stage involves termulousness weakness, anxiety, headache, and nausea.

first

Which of the following might occur in the third stage of alcohol withdrawal.

hallucinations death profuse perspiration Delusions

A ____ is a drug that causes people to experience profound distortions in their perception of reality.

hallucinogen

Darrell has enrolled in the Alcohol skills Training program (ASTP) and finds that _____.

he must attend eight 90-minute sessions in the program He is encouraged to challenge his beliefs about drinking making him more sociable He needs to self monitor by recording his drinking behaviors.

Which of the following are consequences of cocaine use disorder?

heart rhythm disturbances neurological effects seizures

Which of the following are opioids

hydrocodone Percocet Oxycontin

Which of the following are effects of cannabis?

lethargy Awareness of environment feeling of well-being

Which of the following are severe side effects of GHB?

liver tumors wide mood swings high blood pressure violent behavior

Marlatt and colleagues have argued that a more credible approach to college drinking is to recognize it as a _____ behavior

normative

Whether individuals ever use substances and whether their use of progresses into a substance use disorder depend on a complex interplay of which of the following vulnerabilities?

social biological Psychological

Which of the following statement is true about environmental reinforcements and punishments and substance use?

societies that discourage the use of substances experience low rates of substance use and dependence.

In Saudi Arabia, any use of alcohol is discouraged due to religious beliefs. In this country, alcohol disorders are rare. This is an example of a ____ factor.

sociocultural factors

Which of the following inhalants are solvents?

spray paint glue paint thinner

A _____ is a substance that acts on the central nervous system that causes high energy, happiness, and a feeling of being empowered. The person also experiences a decreased need for sleep.

stimulant

amphetamines are ____

stimulants

Any natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects is called a ____

substance

Which of the following is the disorder used in the DSM-5 to describe difficulty in the chronic resisting of the desire to drink alcohol or take substances?

substance use disorder

_____ occurs when a person experiences diminished effects from the same dose of a substance and needs more and more of it to achieve intoxication.

tolerance

Men are more likely to have a gambling disorder than women.

true

Which of the following are benzodiazepines?

xanax Valium Klonopin

According to meta-analyses and reviews of existing treatments, the treatment of substance-related disorders may help only____ percent of people with substance user disorders abstain for up to 1 year.

17 to 35

About ____ percent of adults in the United states are Heavy drinkers.

7

______ percent of the people who smoke say they would like to stop smoking.

70

Which of the following effects are produced by phencyclidine, or PCP, at low doses

Affective dully Slowed reaction time Sense of euphoria

Which of the following are used for nicotine dependence?

Bupropion and varenicline

Which of the following contains nicotine?

Cigarettes

_____ is a white powder extracted from the coca plant.

Cocaine

Which of the following explain how cocaine use disorder develops?

Frequent doses are required to maintain a high Users develop tolerance quickly cocaine's effects wear off quickly

Dr. Albert ____ first discovered the effects of LSD when he accidentally swallowed a minute amount and experienced visual hallucinations.

Hoffman

Which of the following are the two distinct phases of alcohol's effects on the brain ?

In low doses, the user becomes more self-confident and relaxed In high doses, the user exhibits symptoms of depression and sexual dysfunction

____ is a rapid-acting anesthetic that produces hallucinogenic effects.

Ketamine

Which of the following was a large, multi-site clinical trial that compared three interventions in terms of effectiveness.

MATCH

What is the reason that there is a "gambling disorder" diagnosis in the DSM-5?

The causes of this disorder appear to be similar to those of substance use disorder.

Bart was a heavy drinker of alcohol who decided one day to just stop completely. He immediately began to have severe physiological and psychological symptoms, including anxiety and shakiness. Bart was most likely displaying substance_______.

Withdrawal

The DSM-IV distinguished between substance dependence and substance _____.

abuse

Cara's primary care physician cautions her that the long-term effects of alcohol misuse include a number of problems. Select all of the the problems that there physician might mention.

cancer heart disease malnutrition dementia

Marijuana is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the _____ plant.

cannabis

Which of the following are potential sources of caffeine?

chocolate coffee tea Over-the-counter cold remedies

Jim's Therapist tells him that it would be best not to go back to his neighborhood bar since he is being treated for alcohol use disorder. The therapist is also focusing on helping jim learn some new coping skills and challenge some dysfunctional thinking. Which of the following is the best description of sims therapy?

cognitive behavioral

The second stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by____.

convulsive seizures.

Which of the following is true in terms of the use of alcohol across Cultures?

cultures differ markedly in their use of alcohol.

The prevalance of alcohol misuse_____.

declines with age

Which of the following are side effects of barbiturates and benzodioazepines?

decreased respiratory rate Decreased blood pressure Decreased heart rate

_____ are a type of drug that slows the central nervous system.

depressants

Most drugs of abuse directly or indirectly target the reward center of the brain by flooding its circuits with _____.

dopamine

Some drugs, such as amphetamines and cocaine, directly increase the availability of ___ in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain

dopamine

The repeated use of substances causes the brain to reduce its production of ______.

dopamine

amphetamines release the neurotransmitters ____ and ____ and block their reuptake.

dopamine, norepinephrine

You can't get cancer from marijuana .

false- there are larger number of known carcinogens in marijuana in tobacco

Benzodiazepines and barbiturates active the central nervous system.

false- they depress the central nervous system

_____ are a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors.

inhalants

Substance____ is a set of behavioral and physiological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

intoxication

Which of the following are correct in regard to phencyclidine, or PCP?

it is known as angel dust It can be smoked or snorted

Which of the following are the complication of cannabis usage?

memory problems risk of cancer Motor performance impairement

In most countries in the world, _____.

men are more likely to drink alcohol

The goal of ______ treatment for heroin addiction is for individuals eventually to withdraw from the drug.

methadone

When ______ enters the bloodstream from smoking a cigarette, it helps release several biochemicals in the brain, including endogenous opioids.

nicotine

Myra is an alcohol abstinence program. She has a slip during which she becomes very drunk and so she considers dropping out of therapy altogether. Her therapist uses a ____ prevention technique by telling her that this is part of the treatment process and is temporary setback.

relapse