Chapter 14: Immunity and Infection

Bronchitis Meningitis Conjunctivitis

-Infection in the airways -Infection of the tissues around the brain -Infection of the layer of cells surrounding the eyes

Bacilli Cocci Spirochete Vibrios

-Rod shaped -Spherical -Spiral shaped -Comma shaped

_______ can cause yeast infection, athlete's foot, and ringworm.

Fungus

What are guidelines to help combat pathogens?

Get all your recommended vaccinations. Wash your hands frequently with soap.

Which statement is true regarding HIV and AIDs?

HIV causes AIDS.

Men and women aged 9 to 26 should be vaccinated against

HPV

The most common STI in the United States is

HPV

What is the pathogen that causes human warts, including genital warts?

HPV

______ is an inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by infection, drugs, or toxins.

Hepatitis

Another name for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is a sexually transmitted ______ (STI).

Infection

Which of the following statements about chlamydia infection in the United States is correct?

More women are infected than men.

What is a pathogen that causes intestinal and other infections and includes pinworms?

Parasitic worm

What are common types of autoimmune diseases?

Rheumatoid arthritis Type 1 diabetes Multiple sclerosis

Which statement is true regarding STI prevention?

STIs are preventable.

True or false: A person can be infected with HIV, but not have AIDS.

True

Which statement about viruses is true?

Viruses can only replicate inside the cells of another organism.

What type of organism causes gonorrhea?

a bacterium

A natural environment in which a pathogen typically lives is called

a reservoir.

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of which of the following?

abnormal vaginal discharge

How many people in the United States have genital herpes?

about 1 in 6

A reservoir for a pathogen can be which of the following?

an animal a person

A condition in which the immune system attacks its own body is known as

an autoimmune disease.

What is the most abundant living thing on earth?

bacteria

What type of pathogen causes chlamydia?

bacteria

When should people think about STI prevention?

before a sexual encounter

What STIs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if they are not properly treated?

chlamydia gonorrhea

Hairlike projections found in the respiratory tract that remove foreign particles before they reach the lungs are called

cilia

Worm infections generally originate from which of the following?

contaminated food or drink

When do symptoms of infection first appear?

during the prodromal period

The rapid spread of a disease or health-related condition is known as a(n) _______.

epidemic

What produces spores and feeds on organic matter?

fungi

What is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus called?

genital herpes

The organism Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which flourishes in the mucous membranes, causes

gonorrhea

What STIs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if they are not properly treated? (Select all that apply.)

gonorrhea chlamydia

Bacterial vaginosis occurs when

healthy bacteria in the vagina are displaced by unhealthy species.

Every young, sexually active person should be vaccinated for

hepatitis B.

The _______ system is the body's collective system of defenses that includes surface barriers as well as the specialized, cells, tissues, and organs.

immune

The body's defense against foreign particles and organisms is known as the

immune system.

The process of conferring resistance to a pathogen by the administration of a vaccine is called

immunization

What is the process called in which a person acquires immunity to a pathogen by means of a vaccine?

immunization

The period when infection is actively multiplying inside the body is called the ______ period.

incubation

Invasion of the body by a microorganism is called

infection

A disease epidemic that is unusually severe and widespread is called a

pandemic

What are types of pathogens?

parasitic worms protozoa bacteria viruses

A organism that causes disease is called a(n)

pathogen

What is the ascending infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to the uterus, oviducts, and pelvic cavity?

pelvic inflammatory disease

Which person should take the most precautions if living in an area with Zika-infected mosquitos?

pregnant women

A microscopic, single-celled organism that often produces recurrent, cyclical attacks of disease is a

protozoan

Allergies occur when the immune system

reacts to a harmless substance as if it were a harmful pathogen.

What is a chemical barrier of the body that is designed to help prevent infection?

saliva

Hepatitis B (HBV) can be found in

saliva. urine. semen. blood.

What are names of infections that can be transmitted mainly by sexual contact?

sexually transmitted diseases sexually transmitted infections

Protozoa are which of the following?

single-celled organisms

To support your immune system, make sure that you sleep more than ______ hours per night.

six

What are common allergy symptoms?

sneezing runny nose wheezing

The spirochete Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted infection called ______.

syphilis

How is Zika spread?

through sex with an infected man by mosquitoes from mother to fetus

Syphilis is

treatable with antibiotics.

A very small infectious agent composed of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and that can only reproduce within a host cell is called a ______.

virus

The human papillomavirus causes which of the following?

warts genital cancers