Chapter 14: Immunity and Infection
Bronchitis Meningitis Conjunctivitis
-Infection in the airways -Infection of the tissues around the brain -Infection of the layer of cells surrounding the eyes
Bacilli Cocci Spirochete Vibrios
-Rod shaped -Spherical -Spiral shaped -Comma shaped
_______ can cause yeast infection, athlete's foot, and ringworm.
Fungus
What are guidelines to help combat pathogens?
Get all your recommended vaccinations. Wash your hands frequently with soap.
Which statement is true regarding HIV and AIDs?
HIV causes AIDS.
Men and women aged 9 to 26 should be vaccinated against
HPV
The most common STI in the United States is
HPV
What is the pathogen that causes human warts, including genital warts?
HPV
______ is an inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by infection, drugs, or toxins.
Hepatitis
Another name for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is a sexually transmitted ______ (STI).
Infection
Which of the following statements about chlamydia infection in the United States is correct?
More women are infected than men.
What is a pathogen that causes intestinal and other infections and includes pinworms?
Parasitic worm
What are common types of autoimmune diseases?
Rheumatoid arthritis Type 1 diabetes Multiple sclerosis
Which statement is true regarding STI prevention?
STIs are preventable.
True or false: A person can be infected with HIV, but not have AIDS.
True
Which statement about viruses is true?
Viruses can only replicate inside the cells of another organism.
What type of organism causes gonorrhea?
a bacterium
A natural environment in which a pathogen typically lives is called
a reservoir.
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of which of the following?
abnormal vaginal discharge
How many people in the United States have genital herpes?
about 1 in 6
A reservoir for a pathogen can be which of the following?
an animal a person
A condition in which the immune system attacks its own body is known as
an autoimmune disease.
What is the most abundant living thing on earth?
bacteria
What type of pathogen causes chlamydia?
bacteria
When should people think about STI prevention?
before a sexual encounter
What STIs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if they are not properly treated?
chlamydia gonorrhea
Hairlike projections found in the respiratory tract that remove foreign particles before they reach the lungs are called
cilia
Worm infections generally originate from which of the following?
contaminated food or drink
When do symptoms of infection first appear?
during the prodromal period
The rapid spread of a disease or health-related condition is known as a(n) _______.
epidemic
What produces spores and feeds on organic matter?
fungi
What is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus called?
genital herpes
The organism Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which flourishes in the mucous membranes, causes
gonorrhea
What STIs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if they are not properly treated? (Select all that apply.)
gonorrhea chlamydia
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when
healthy bacteria in the vagina are displaced by unhealthy species.
Every young, sexually active person should be vaccinated for
hepatitis B.
The _______ system is the body's collective system of defenses that includes surface barriers as well as the specialized, cells, tissues, and organs.
immune
The body's defense against foreign particles and organisms is known as the
immune system.
The process of conferring resistance to a pathogen by the administration of a vaccine is called
immunization
What is the process called in which a person acquires immunity to a pathogen by means of a vaccine?
immunization
The period when infection is actively multiplying inside the body is called the ______ period.
incubation
Invasion of the body by a microorganism is called
infection
A disease epidemic that is unusually severe and widespread is called a
pandemic
What are types of pathogens?
parasitic worms protozoa bacteria viruses
A organism that causes disease is called a(n)
pathogen
What is the ascending infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to the uterus, oviducts, and pelvic cavity?
pelvic inflammatory disease
Which person should take the most precautions if living in an area with Zika-infected mosquitos?
pregnant women
A microscopic, single-celled organism that often produces recurrent, cyclical attacks of disease is a
protozoan
Allergies occur when the immune system
reacts to a harmless substance as if it were a harmful pathogen.
What is a chemical barrier of the body that is designed to help prevent infection?
saliva
Hepatitis B (HBV) can be found in
saliva. urine. semen. blood.
What are names of infections that can be transmitted mainly by sexual contact?
sexually transmitted diseases sexually transmitted infections
Protozoa are which of the following?
single-celled organisms
To support your immune system, make sure that you sleep more than ______ hours per night.
six
What are common allergy symptoms?
sneezing runny nose wheezing
The spirochete Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted infection called ______.
syphilis
How is Zika spread?
through sex with an infected man by mosquitoes from mother to fetus
Syphilis is
treatable with antibiotics.
A very small infectious agent composed of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and that can only reproduce within a host cell is called a ______.
virus
The human papillomavirus causes which of the following?
warts genital cancers
