Chapter 14 Test

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?

As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance also increases.

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In high-stress humans, exercise has been shown to prevent telomere lengthening.

The correct answer is: The word "lengthening" should be changed to the word "shortening."

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

The immune system is weakened.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? It is well established that long (aerobic) but not short (anaerobic) duration exercise is beneficial for both physical and mental health.

The phrase "but not" should be changed to the word "and."

What should be changed to make the following statement true? In the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or- flight reaction describes the body's immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency.

The phrase "fight-or- flight" should be changed to the word "alarm."

What can be changed to make the following sentence true? The physical symptoms of psychophysiological disorders are nonexistent, and they can be produced or exacerbated by psychological factors.

The word "nonexistent" should be changed to the word "real."

What is a major criticism of both the stimulus- and response-based definitions of stress?

These definitions provide a complete definition of stress.

Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.

Type B

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

depersonalization

Oleksiy is an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. He also reminds himself that some of his friends from grad school can't find work related to art in any way. Which type of coping approach is Oleksiy using?

emotion focused

A ________ psychologist might investigate why people continue to smoke or eat high fat and processed food despite knowing the potential adverse health implications of such behaviors.

health

The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts rigorous academic research on ________.

healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion, and mindfulness

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

meditation

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people

positive psychology

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non- essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem focused

Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009?

retired people

Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.

significantly elevated rates of heart disease

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

social support

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

stressor

A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________.

threat; challenge