Chapter 15 Bio122
128. A ringing in the ears is considered A. tinnitus. B. trachoma. C. nystagmus. D. mydriasis. E. otitis media.
A. tinnitus.
13. Which of the following is NOT a primary odor class? A. umami B. floral C. putrid D. pepperminty E. ethereal
A. umami
131. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on sense organs? A. A large loss in the ability to detect odors. B. Decrease in sense of taste. C. Loss of lens flexibility in the eye. D. Decline in visual acuity and color perception. E. Decreased ability to localize sound.
A. A large loss in the ability to detect odors.
44. Increased fluid accumulation in the cornea would result in A. a scattering of light rays. B. loss of pigment in the eye. C. a decrease in the strength of the tissue. D. an increase in the ability to transmit light to the retina. E. blockage of light rays.
A. a scattering of light rays.
130. Oscillation of the eyes during the tracking of something in motion is called A. nystagmus. B. vertigo. C. scotoma. D. ptosis. E. otitis media.
A. nystagmus.
107. The sensory cells for hearing are located in the A. organ of Corti or spiral organ. B. oval window. C. middle ear. D. vestibule. E. semicircular canals.
A. organ of Corti or spiral organ.
103. Which of the following sequences is correct? A. oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli B. round window, helicotrema, scala tympani C. bony labyrinth, round window, basilar membrane D. tympanic membrane, vestibular membrane, basilar membrane E. vestibular membrane, basilar membrane, auditory membrane
A. oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli
119. More sound volume is perceived when A. sound wave amplitude increases. B. action potentials from hair cells are blocked. C. sound wave amplitude decreases. D. sound wave frequency decreases. E. sound wave frequency increases.
A. sound wave amplitude increases.
122. The utricle and saccule are involved in A. static balance. B. kinetic balance. C. hearing low intensity sounds. D. hearing high intensity sounds. E. evaluating movements of the head.
A. static balance.
121. Arrange the following parts of the neuronal pathway for hearing in the correct sequence. (1) inferior colliculus (2) medial geniculate nucleus (3) superior olivary nucleus (4) auditory cortex (5) cochlear nucleus A. 4, 5, 3, 1, 2 B. 5, 3, 1, 2, 4 C. 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 D. 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 E. 5, 4, 1, 3, 2
B. 5, 3, 1, 2, 4
104. Which of the following is true? A. The cochlear duct is filled with perilymph. B. The bony core of the cochlea is called the modiolus. C. The foot plate of the incus fits into the round window. D. The vestibule is one of the regions of the organ of corti. E. The spiral organ is found in the semicircular canals.
B. The bony core of the cochlea is called the modiolus
118. Auditory impulses are transmitted by the _____ portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve. A. spiral B. cochlear C. vestibular D. ossicular E. tympanic
B. cochlear
123. The position of the head with respect to gravity is determined by the A. shift in fluid in the semicircular canals. B. movements of otoliths in response to gravity. C. movements of perilymph in the vestibular chamber. D. impulses transmitted from the macula of the semicircular canals. E. stimulation of the cochlear portion of the nerve.
B. movements of otoliths in response to gravity.
29. The taste cortex is located in the ________ lobe. A. frontal B. parietal C. temporal D. occipital
B. parietal
108. What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle? A. calcium channels B. tip links C. spiral ligaments D. outer hair cells
B. tip links
126. Neurons synapsing on the hair cells of the maculae and the crista ampullaris have cell bodies in the A. superior colliculus. B. vestibular ganglion. C. superior olivary nucleus. D. medial geniculate nucleus. E. cochlear ganglion.
B. vestibular ganglion.
106. Which of the following is a part of the bony labyrinth? A. malleus B. vestibule C. cochlear duct D. tympanic membrane E. ossicles
B. vestibule
115. Arrange the following list of membranes in correct sequence. (1) tectorial membrane (2) vestibular membrane (3) tympanic membrane (4) basilar membrane A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 3, 4, 1, 2 C. 3, 2, 4, 1 D. 2, 4, 3, 1 E. 4, 3, 2, 1
C. 3, 2, 4, 1
117. Cochlear neurons are stimulated by A. vibrating the oval window. B. vibrations of the tectorial membrane. C. bending microvilli or stereocilia on the hair cells. D. movement of the otoliths in the endolymph. E. turning the spiral organ.
C. bending microvilli or stereocilia on the hair cells.
129. Mechanical deficiency in transmission of sound waves to the spiral organ is A. Meniere disease. B. otosclerosis. C. conduction hearing loss. D. sensorineural hearing loss. E. motion sickness.
C. conduction hearing loss.
113. The attenuation reflex A. amplifies loud noises. B. enhances low frequency sounds. C. prevents damage to delicate ear structures. D. involves the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. E. vibrates the tympanic membrane.
C. prevents damage to delicate ear structures.
105. Which of the following is part of the spiral organ (organ of Corti)? A. modiolus B. vestibule C. tectorial membrane D. scala tympani E. chorda tympani
C. tectorial membrane
116. Arrange the following structures in the order in which they would vibrate as a result of the tympanic membrane vibrating. (1) oval window (2) vestibular membrane and endolymph (3) ossicles (4) basilar membrane (5) perilymph A. 3, 5, 2, 4, 1 B. 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 E. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1
D. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
109. As a stereocilium bends, the tip link pulls ______ gates open. A. Na+ B. Ca2+ C. Cl- D. K+
D. K+
114. The round window A. reflects sound waves. B. vibrates the basilar membrane. C. allows for compression of the organ of Corti. D. acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea. E. increases the pressure of the perilymph.
D. acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea.
127. Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in loss of A. taste. B. sight. C. hearing. D. balance. E. smell.
D. balance.
111. The direction from which a sound is coming can be determined by the A. volume of the sound. B. frequency of sound waves. C. amplitude of the sound waves. D. differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear. E. timbre of sounds.
D. differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear.
110. Which of the following definitions best describes the timbre of sounds? A. loudness B. amplitude C. wave frequency D. resonance quality E. pitch
D. resonance quality
120. The superior olivary nucleus A. generates the endocochlear potential. B. receives impulses from the vestibular nerve. C. helps localize high-pitched tones near the apex of the basilar membrane. D. sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally. E. stimulates additional hair cells.
D. sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally
124. Otoliths A. amplify hearing. B. are part of the ampulla. C. are found in the semicircular canals. D. stimulate hair cells to produce action potentials. E. are found in the cochlear duct.
D. stimulate hair cells to produce action potentials.
112. Arrange the following structures in the order in which they vibrate when a sound wave enters the ear. (1) eardrum (2) endolymph (3) ossicles (4) oval window (5) perilymph A. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 B. 1, 4, 3, 5, 2 C. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 D. 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 E. 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
E. 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
12. What ion(s) cause(s) depolarization in olfactory neurons? A. Na+ B. Ca2+ C. K+ D. Both Na+ and K+ E. Both Na+ and Ca2+
E. Both Na+ and Ca2+
125. The semicircular canals A. are parallel to each other. B. can detect movement in only one direction. C. have a base called a papilla. D. contain cupulae that respond to gravity. E. allow a person to detect movement in all directions.
E. allow a person to detect movement in all directions.
55. The optic disc A. is located in the vascular tunic. B. is the site of greatest visual acuity. C. is also called the macula lutea. D. is on the anterior surface of the eye. E. contains no photoreceptor cells.
E. contains no photoreceptor cells.
70. The main factor affecting depth of focus is the A. convergence. B. accommodation. C. shape of the lens. D. size of the lens. E. size of the pupil.
E. size of the pupil.
22. Arrange the following in correct sequence: (1) gustatory cell depolarizes (2) action potential stimulated in gustatory neurons (3) food substance dissolves in saliva (4) neurotransmitter released by gustatory cell (5) food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on gustatory hair A. 5, 4, 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 C. 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 D. 3, 1, 4, 5, 2 E. 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
B. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
25. Which type of taste has the lowest threshold? A. sweet B. bitter C. salty D. sour E. umami
B. bitter
31. Palpebrae is another name for the A. eyes. B. eyelids. C. eyebrows. D. eyelashes. E. conjunctiva.
B. eyelids.
53. The area of greatest visual acuity is the A. lens. B. fovea centralis. C. optic disc. D. posterior chamber. E. blind spot.
B. fovea centralis.
51. Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic eye muscle? A. ciliary muscles B. inferior oblique muscle C. sphincter pupillae muscle D. dilator pupillae muscle
B. inferior oblique muscle
63. Which of the following is correctly matched? A. sclera - ciliary body B. iris - sphincter pupillae C. retina - canal of Schlemm D. vitreous humor - anterior chamber E. aqueous humor - vitreous chamber
B. iris - sphincter pupillae
42. The outermost tunic of the eyeball is the A. iris. B. sclera. C. retina. D. choroid. E. conjunctiva.
B. sclera.
72. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the retina? A. ganglion cells B. photoreceptors C. optic chiasm D. optic disc E. fovea centralis
C. optic chiasm
88. A person loses all vision in their left eye. One possible cause could be damage to the A. optic chiasma. B. left optic tract. C. optic nerve in the left eye. D. right lateral geniculate nucleus. E. right visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
C. optic nerve in the left eye.
90. The age-associated changes that result in loss of accommodation of the eyes is called A. myopia. B. hyperopia. C. presbyopia. D. retinopia. E. astigmatism.
C. presbyopia.
10. Which of the special senses contains receptor neurons that are the only nerve cells in direct contact with the outside environment? A. equilibrium B. hearing C. smell D. taste E. vision
C. smell
9. The receptor cells for which of the following special senses are bipolar neurons? A. equilibrium B. hearing C. smell D. taste E. touch
C. smell
50. In bright sunlight, the pupil of your eye constricts and contracts the A. ciliary muscles. B. dilator pupillae. C. sphincter pupillae. D. suspensory ligaments. E. ciliary ring.
C. sphincter pupillae.
1. Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach the olfactory cortex of the brain: (1) olfactory bulb (2) olfactory cortex (3) olfactory epithelium (4) olfactory tract A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 3, 4, 1, 2 C. 1, 4, 2, 3 D. 3, 1, 4, 2 E. 4, 3, 2, 1
D. 3, 1, 4, 2
11. What molecule is activated from the binding of an odorant to transmembranous receptor molecules on olfactory hairs? A. cAMP B. calmodulin C. troponin D. G protein
D. G protein
4. You are an airborne molecule that dissolves in the fluid covering the olfactory epithelium. Which of the following must you do in order to depolarize neurons in the olfactory epithelium? A. stimulate mitral cells B. release acetylcholine C. cause proliferation of basal cells D. bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane E. lower the threshold of the cell
D. bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane
36. Pinkeye is an acute inflammation of the A. retina. B. choroid. C. sclera. D. conjunctiva. E. lacrimal gland.
D. conjunctiva.
75. Rods, a type of photoreceptor cell, respond to light (stimulus) by A. depolarizing. B. repolarizing. C. hypopolarizing. D. hyperpolarizing. E. opening Na+ channels in the cell membrane.
D. hyperpolarizing.
64. Light refracts as it passes through the A. vitreous humor, sclera, and iris. B. lens, aqueous humor, and sclera. C. cornea, retina, and vitreous humor. D. lens, cornea and humors of the eye. E. sclera, iris, and retina.
D. lens, cornea and humors of the eye.
20. To which of the following substances would the taste buds be most sensitive? A. syrup B. vinegar C. salt water D. quinine (tonic) water E. jelly
D. quinine (tonic) water
91. What eye layer is referred to in the "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"? A. conjunctiva B. choroid C. retina D. sclera E. pupil
D. sclera
101. Sensory receptors for balance are found in the A. pinna. B. cochlea. C. auditory ossicles. D. semicircular canals. E. auditory tube.
D. semicircular canals.
14. The olfactory cortex is located in the _____ lobe and the secondary olfactory areas are located in the ___ lobe. A. frontal, temporal B. frontal, parietal C. parietal, temporal D. temporal, frontal
D. temporal, frontal
95. The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses from the ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the __________lobe from the _________nerve. A. occipital; trochlear B. occipital; vestibulocochlear C. temporal; trochlear D. temporal; vestibulocochlear E. parietal; abducens
D. temporal; vestibulocochlear
7. Which of the following statements is true? A. Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced. B. Olfactory epithelial receptors are highly specific. C. Olfaction first goes to the thalamus and is then relayed to the cerebral cortex. D. Continued stimulation of olfactory neurons produces the same level of response. E. Replacement of neurons is a common phenomenon in the body.
A. Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced.
2. Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help to identify an odor? A. More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium. B. Impulses originate slowly in the olfactory epithelium. C. The tissue needs more time in contact with the odor. D. Threshold for odor detection is high. E. Receptors in the olfactory epithelium are highly specific.
A. More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium.
39. Why does a person's nose run when he cries? A. Tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct. B. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation causes the nose to secrete mucus. C. Intense stimulation of the facial nerve as a result of crying increases nasal secretions. D. The lacrimal glands secrete tears directly into the nose. E. This stimulates fluid production in the nose.
A. Tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct.
92. Which of the following statements is NOT true of hyperopia? A. corrected by "minus" lenses B. close objects are fuzzy C. eyeball is too short D. corrected by convex lenses E. image focused behind the retina
A. corrected by "minus" lenses
21. Damage to which of the following cranial nerves may impair the sense of taste? A. facial B. abducens C. trigeminal D. hypoglossal E. accessory
A. facial
23. You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve. A. facial (VII) B. vagus (X) C. trigeminal (V) D. glossopharyngeal (IX) E. hypoglossal (XII)
A. facial (VII)
94. Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of A. hearing and balance. B. hearing and taste. C. smell. D. taste. E. hearing and sight.
A. hearing and balance.
61. Glaucoma can result from A. inhibition of the circulation of aqueous humor. B. damage to the suspensory ligament. C. a decrease in the number of cones. D. opacity of the lens. E. increased amounts of vitreous humor.
A. inhibition of the circulation of aqueous humor.
47. Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic? A. iris B. retina C. optic disc D. fovea centralis E. cornea
A. iris
49. The contractile structure that surrounds the pupil is the A. iris. B. ciliary ring. C. sclera. D. ciliary muscle. E. retina.
A. iris.
62. The lens A. is biconcave. B. focuses light on the retina. C. floats in the vitreous humor. D. is attached to the retina by suspensory ligaments. E. is normally opaque.
B. focuses light on the retina.
46. The cornea is relatively easy to transplant because A. its proteoglycan content is high. B. it is easy to access and is a vascular. C. it has an extensive blood supply. D. its high immunological activity prevents infection. E. it is not attached to the eye.
B. it is easy to access and is a vascular.
85. The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is A. photoreceptors, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and optic nerve. B. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve. C. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, optic nerve, and ganglion cells. D. photoreceptors, ganglion cells, optic nerve, and bipolar cells. E. ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and optic nerve
B. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve.
80. To which colors are the three different kinds of cones sensitive? A. blue, red, and yellow B. red, blue, and green C. red, violet, and yellow D. violet, green, and blue E. orange, indigo, and violet
B. red, blue, and green
76. When rhodopsin is exposed to light, A. more rhodopsin is formed. B. retinal separates from opsin. C. the cones generate action potentials. D. free retinal is converted to vitamin A. E. retinal becomes more attached to opsin.
B. retinal separates from opsin.
69. As an object moves closer to the eye, A. the lens flattens. B. the eyes rotate medially. C. the ciliary muscles relax. D. the diameter of the pupil increases. E. the eye blinks.
B. the eyes rotate medially.
86. Arrange the following events in correct sequence. (1) retinal cells generate action potential (2) person becomes aware of the information obtained by CNS (3) visual cortex translates action potential (4) bright light is shone into the eye (5) optic nerve conducts action potential to CNS A. 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 B. 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 C. 4, 1, 5, 3, 2 D. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 E. 4, 3, 5, 2, 1
C. 4, 1, 5, 3, 2
74. Night blindness could be caused by A. a lack of cones. B. a lack of iodopsin. C. a lack of rhodopsin. D. too much vitamin A in the diet. E. a lack of vitamin C in the diet.
C. a lack of rhodopsin.
40. Which of the following cranial nerves innervates an eye muscle? A. optic B. facial C. abducens D. trigeminal E. vagus
C. abducens
87. Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex could result in which of the following visual changes? A. loss of temporal visual fields from both eyes B. loss of nasal visual fields from both eyes C. loss of right visual fields from both eyes D. loss of left visual fields from both eyes E. None of these choices is correct.
C. loss of right visual fields from both eyes
93. Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane? A. labyrinth B. incas C. malleus D. stapes E. oval window
C. malleus
59. Which of the following functions is carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? A. cleanses the eye B. nourishment of the eye C. refraction of light rays D. generation of a visual image E. control the amount of light entering the eye
C. refraction of light rays
66. To focus on objects closer than 20 feet, A. the lens must become flatter. B. the cornea must move inward. C. the ciliary muscles must contract. D. the suspensory ligaments increase tension on the lens. E. the retina must bend.
C. the ciliary muscles must contract.
68. When you try to focus on the tip of your nose, A. the pupils dilate. B. the ciliary muscles relax. C. the lens becomes more spherical. D. the tension on the suspensory ligament increases. E. the lens becomes flatter.
C. the lens becomes more spherical.
81. Humans are able to distinguish several million shades of color because A. humans have large retinas. B. humans have binocular vision. C. they have many different types of cone cells. D. different proportions of cone cells respond to each wavelength of light. E. humans have more cones than rods.
D. different proportions of cone cells respond to each wavelength of light.
60. Vitreous humor A. is produced on a daily basis. B. is less viscous than aqueous humor. C. does not contribute to intraocular pressure. D. helps to hold the lens and retina in place. E. is located in the anterior chamber.
D. helps to hold the lens and retina in place.
57. The anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are separated by the A. lens. B. retina. C. cornea. D. iris. E. optic disc.
D. iris.
79. Color vision A. is a function of cone cells. B. is most acute in dim light. C. is interpreted in the cerebellum. D. depends on the amount of available rhodopsin. E. is the interaction between rods and cones.
A. is a function of cone cells.
27. Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in taste buds? A. mitral cells B. supporting cells C. basal cells D. taste cells
A. mitral cells
54. Blood vessels enter the eye and nerve processes exit the eye at the A. optic disc. B. macula lutea. C. sensory retina. D. fovea centralis. E. pupil.
A. optic disc.
6. The medial olfactory area A. provides emotional reactions to odors. B. is the site of conscious perception of odors. C. generates action potentials in olfactory neurons. D. modulates the sense of olfaction within the olfactory bulb. E. is the area where chemicals bind to receptors.
A. provides emotional reactions to odors.
8. Which of the following special senses is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without going to the thalamus? A. smell B. taste C. sight D. sound E. touch
A. smell
34. An inflammation of one of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes is called a A. sty. B. boil. C. chalazion. D. meibomian cyst. E. pinkeye.
A. sty.
19. Which of the following statements is false? A. Each taste bud is most sensitive to one of the five basic tastes. B. Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high. C. Adaptation for taste is rapid. D. Olfaction influences taste. E. Sensitivities for sweet and salty tastes are the lowest.
B. Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high.
37. The lacrimal glands A. cause a sty when inflamed. B. constantly produce a fluid called tears. C. are located in the superomedial corner of the orbit. D. are innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve. E. produce sebum.
B. constantly produce a fluid called tears.
71. The pigmented layer of the retina A. determines the color of the iris. B. enhances visual acuity and reduces scattering of light. C. protects the optic nerve from damage. D. causes increased scattering of incoming light. E. is the vascular layer of the retina.
B. enhances visual acuity and reduces scattering of light.
16. Taste buds are not associated with _____ papillae. A. foliate B. filiform C. fungiform D. vallate E. papilliform
B. filiform
77. What is activated when light causes 11-cis-retinal to convert to all-trans-retinal? A. opsin B. transducin C. ATP D. glutamate
B. transducin
38. Tears A. are produced only when a person cries. B. wash foreign objects away from the eye. C. contain lysozyme to trap dust. D. are very acidic and kill microbes. E. contain little water.
B. wash foreign objects away from the eye
3. In order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons, it must A. be present in high concentrations. B. be one of the seven primary classes of odors. C. be dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium. D. interact with the mechanoreceptors of the olfactory hair membrane. E. enter the nose slowly.
C. be dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium.
28. Which tastant is NOT correctly matched with its process of depolarization? A. salty - Na+ B. umami - G protein C. bitter - K+ D. sour - H+ E. sweet - G protein
C. bitter - K+
35. The transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior white surface of the eye is the A. conjunctival fornix. B. surface conjunctiva. C. bulbar conjunctiva. D. palpebral conjunctiva. E. sclera.
C. bulbar conjunctiva.
83. The photoreceptor cells are located A. on the surface of the retina. B. in the ganglionic layer of the retina. C. in the photoreceptive layer of the retina. D. in the choroid layer of the retina. E. in the pigment cell layer of the retina
C. in the photoreceptive layer of the retina.
96. Which portion of the ear contains the sense organs for hearing and balance? A. external ear B. middle ear C. inner ear D. auditory tube E. tympanic membrane.
C. inner ear
58. The ________ separates the posterior chamber from the vitreous chamber. A. iris B. choroid C. lens D. sclera
C. lens
45. The cornea A. is highly vascular. B. maintains the shape of the eye. C. is white like the rest of the sclera. D. is part of the focusing system of the eye. E. does not contain connective tissue.
D. is part of the focusing system of the eye.
89. Depth perception A. relies on monocular vision. B. does not require cerebral interpretation. C. requires the image to strike the retina of both eyes in exactly the same way. D. is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and judge their distance. E. only works when looking down at water.
D. is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and judge their distance.
33. The blink reflex is designed to A. maintain balance. B. regulate pupil size. C. provide clearer vision. D. keep the eyes moist. E. orient the eyes.
D. keep the eyes moist.
41. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT innervate extrinsic eye muscles? A. oculomotor B. abducens C. trochlear D. optic E. trigeminal
D. optic
78. Light and dark adaptation involves A. pupillary reflexes. B. variations in rod and cone function. C. changes in the amount of available rhodopsin. D. pupillary reflexes and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin. E. pupillary reflexes, variations in rod and cone function and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.
E. pupillary reflexes, variations in rod and cone function and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.
52. Which of the following is (are) associated with the retina? A. lens B. ciliary muscle C. pupil D. suspensory ligaments E. rods and cones
E. rods and cones
67. Increase in the distance from the eye to the near point of vision can be caused by A. the lens becoming more rigid with age. B. the lens becoming more opaque with age. C. the lens becoming more convex with age. D. the vitreous humor becoming thicker with age. E. the lens becoming more flexible with age.
A. the lens becoming more rigid with age.
82. Which of the following is false? A. Rods cannot detect color. B. The visual pigment of cones is iodopsin. C. Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. D. Association neurons in the inner retinal layers modify signals of rods and cones. E. Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
E. Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
98. The auditory tube A. amplifies sound waves. B. helps maintain balance. C. carries sound to the eardrum. D. carries sound to the inner ear. E. equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.
E. equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.
17. The most sensitive taste buds are found in _____ papillae. A. formate B. filiform C. fungiform D. vallate E. foliate
E. foliate
99. Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include A. dizziness. B. light headedness. C. feeling of a "full" ear. D. ringing in the ears. E. hearing impairment.
E. hearing impairment.
43. The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the A. iris. B. retina. C. cornea. D. choroid. E. pupil.
C. cornea.
5. The ability of the olfactory system to adapt to a particular odor may involve A. sensitivity of the olfactory cortex. B. an increase in the sensitivity at the receptor sites. C. neurons from the medial olfactory area stimulating mitral cells and tufted cells. D. the intermediate olfactory area sending inhibiting impulses to the olfactory bulb. E. molecules that do not bind to receptors anymore.
D. the intermediate olfactory area sending inhibiting impulses to the olfactory bulb.
100. The malleus, incus, and stapes A. are parts of the cochlea. B. are located in the inner ear. C. are surrounded by endolymph. D. transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window. E. are surrounded by fluid.
D. transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window.
24. The newest taste to be described is A. bitter. B. salty. C. sweet. D. umami. E. sour.
D. umami.
32. Some thyroid disorders are characterized by an increase in the width of the palpebral fissure. This would be an increase in the distance between the A. eyebrows. B. eyelashes. C. eyelids. D. eyes. E. lacrimal glands.
C. eyelids.
26. The sense of taste is called A. olfaction. B. perception. C. gustation. D. tastant. E. mastication.
C. gustation.
15. Sensory structures that detect taste are A. palates. B. papillae. C. taste buds. D. ciliary membranes. E. thermoreceptors.
C. taste buds.
65. For distant vision, A. the lens is more spherical. B. the suspensory ligaments relax. C. the ciliary muscles are relaxed. D. light is refracted more by the lens than by the humors. E. the lens is thickened.
C. the ciliary muscles are relaxed.
30. Which of the following structures is considered to be an accessory structure of the eye? A. lens B. retina C. sclera D. palpebrae E. cornea
D. palpebrae
56. The only place in the body where blood vessels can be viewed directly is the A. retina. B. optic chiasm. C. sclera. D. cornea. E. conjunctiva.
A. retina.
73. Rhodopsin is found in the A. rods. B. cones. C. choroid. D. pigmented retina. E. amacrine cells.
A. rods.
18. Taste buds A. can perceive seven basic tastes. B. are replaced approximately every 30 days. C. can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution. D. can be found covering both the superior and inferior surfaces of the tongue. E. have axons and generate their own action potentials.
C. can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution.
48. The ciliary body A. contains rods and cones. B. is continuous with the sclera. C. consists of a ciliary ring and ciliary processes. D. produces vitreous humor. E. is photosensitive.
C. consists of a ciliary ring and ciliary processes.
97. The external ear terminates at the A. pinna. B. oval window. C. tympanic membrane. D. internal auditory meatus. E. ossicles.
C. tympanic membrane.
